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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Wesley,<br>
<br>
Thank you very much for your efforts to help. However I'm still
not sure we understand each other well? It is not important to me
to use grib2 format. I just want to be able to get data from model
using GrADS, regardless of format or tools used. But I can't
postprocess grib1 also, if I use grib2ctl.pl on grib1 format, I
again get same error like when I use g2ctl on grib2, as I pasted
below.<br>
<br>
So basically for me neither grib2 nor grib1 work.<br>
<br>
Ivan<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
On 11/21/2017 04:48 PM, Wesley Ebisuzaki - NOAA Federal wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CAMHOGemhVksFhRwy756dcacEDQbn2RVO7FiU6ZnZ_B9rr4eGLw@mail.gmail.com">
<div dir="ltr">
<div>
<div>
<div>Ivan,<br>
<br>
</div>
I just modified <a href="http://grb1to2.pl"
moz-do-not-send="true">grb1to2.pl</a> to add support for
minutes time units. Both<br>
</div>
g2ctl and alt_g2ctl need some changes to add support for
templates<br>
</div>
<div>that use minutes and forecast minutes. I'll get to it
soon.<br>
<br>
</div>
<div>The problem is that you are using cnvgrib to convert from
grib1<br>
</div>
<div>to grib2. Cnvgrib does not handle grib1 files that use a
30-minute<br>
</div>
<div>time units (value=14) and produces invalid grib2 files.<br>
<br>
I talked with the person who use to support cnvgrib and he
stated that <br>
another person complained about a similar problem and that
cnvgrib <br>
is no longer supported. So you are not going to get the fix
from<br>
</div>
<div>the official source of the program. The fix is straight
forward;<br>
however, you should reconsider how you do your processing.<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Wesley<br>
</div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Nov 20, 2017 at 6:47 PM, Ivan
Toman <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:ivtoman@inet.hr"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">ivtoman@inet.hr</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
.8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
<div class="m_4401021575132931700moz-cite-prefix">Thank
you Wesley,<br>
<br>
but it seems that same problem happens with grib1
format, directly from UPP postprocessor:<br>
<br>
<pre><font size="+2"><font size="+1"><a href="http://grib2ctl.pl" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">grib2ctl.pl</a> -verf WRFPRS_d01.00_30 >30.ctl
add_time: undefined time unit 14
PDS_date: problem
add_time: undefined time unit 14
PDS_date: problem</font>
</font>
wgrib WRFPRS_d01.00_20
1:0:d=17111700:RWMR:kpds5=170:<wbr>kpds6=109:kpds7=1:TR=10:P1=0:<wbr>P2=20:TimeU=0:hybrid lev 1:20min fcst:NAve=0
2:44496:d=17111700:SNMR:kpds5=<wbr>171:kpds6=109:kpds7=1:TR=10:<wbr>P1=0:P2=20:TimeU=0:hybrid lev 1:20min fcst:NAve=0
3:88992:d=17111700:REFC:kpds5=<wbr>212:kpds6=200:kpds7=0:TR=10:<wbr>P1=0:P2=20:TimeU=0:atmos col:20min fcst:NAve=0
But:
wgrib WRFPRS_d01.00_30
1:0:d=17111700:RWMR:kpds5=170:<wbr>kpds6=109:kpds7=1:TR=10:P1=0:<wbr>P2=1:TimeU=14:hybrid lev 1:30min fcst:NAve=0
2:44496:d=17111700:SNMR:kpds5=<wbr>171:kpds6=109:kpds7=1:TR=10:<wbr>P1=0:P2=1:TimeU=14:hybrid lev 1:30min fcst:NAve=0
3:88992:d=17111700:REFC:kpds5=<wbr>212:kpds6=200:kpds7=0:TR=10:<wbr>P1=0:P2=1:TimeU=14:atmos col:30min fcst:NAve=0
</pre>
I believe, pretty much the same response on time units
on grib1 format.<br>
<br>
Is this expected behaviour or grib files look wrong? I
uploaded them here if you want to take a look:<br>
<a class="m_4401021575132931700moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://gamma.meteoadriatic.net/tmp/jennifer/"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">http://gamma.meteoadriatic.<wbr>net/tmp/jennifer/</a><br>
<br>
Thx<br>
Ivan<br>
<br>
<br>
On 11/20/2017 01:52 AM, Wesley Ebisuzaki - NOAA
Federal wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div dir="ltr">
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Ivan,<br>
<br>
</div>
Back from a conference. 14 = 1/2 hour for
grib1. However<br>
</div>
there isn't a 1/2 hour time unit for grib2.<br>
<br>
<a
href="http://www.nco.ncep.noaa.gov/pmb/docs/grib2/grib2_table4-4.shtml"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">http://www.nco.ncep.noaa.gov/<wbr>pmb/docs/grib2/grib2_table4-4.<wbr>shtml</a><br>
<br>
</div>
The code needs to be changed to use minutes as
the grib2 time units.<br>
</div>
Note: grib1 only used 1 byte or 2 bytes to store
the forecast length.</div>
<div>Therefore they invented a large number of time
units. Grib2 uses</div>
<div>4 bytes to store the number of time units.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>You can try to convince NCO to fix cnvgrib. I
know the person</div>
<div>responsible for cnvgrib and good luck. <br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>My suggestion #1 doesn't work</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>$ wgrib2 wrfprs_d01.00_30.g2 -if ":30 min
fcst:" -set_ftime "30 min fcst" -fi -grib
wrfprs_d01.00_30.g2.con<br>
add_time: undefined time unit 14<br>
add_time: undefined time unit 14<br>
add_time: undefined time unit 14</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>-if ":30 min fcst:" will always fail because
wgrib2 doesn't understand the time code 14.</div>
<div>The error message "add_time: undefined time
unit 14" comes from the calculation of</div>
<div>the verification time.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Wesley<br>
</div>
<div>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Fri, Nov 17, 2017 at
3:34 AM, Ivan Toman <span dir="ltr"><<a
href="mailto:ivtoman@inet.hr" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">ivtoman@inet.hr</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0
0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc
solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
<div
class="m_4401021575132931700m_7180575574443492308moz-cite-prefix">Wesley,<br>
<br>
I think this comes from here:<br>
<br>
On grib1 output from UPP - this is for 10min
record, all normal:<br>
<br>
$ wgrib WRFPRS_d01.00_10<br>
1:0:d=17111700:RWMR:kpds5=170:<wbr>kpds6=109:kpds7=1:TR=10:P1=0:P<wbr>2=10:TimeU=0:hybrid
lev 1:10min fcst:NAve=0<br>
2:44496:d=17111700:SNMR:kpds5=<wbr>171:kpds6=109:kpds7=1:TR=10:P1<wbr>=0:P2=10:TimeU=0:hybrid
lev 1:10min fcst:NAve=0<br>
3:88992:d=17111700:REFC:kpds5=<wbr>212:kpds6=200:kpds7=0:TR=10:P1<wbr>=0:P2=10:TimeU=0:atmos
col:10min fcst:NAve=0<br>
...<br>
<br>
however, for 30min record:<br>
<br>
$ wgrib WRFPRS_d01.00_30 <br>
1:0:d=17111700:RWMR:kpds5=170:<wbr>kpds6=109:kpds7=1:TR=10:P1=0:P<wbr>2=1:TimeU=14:hybrid
lev 1:30min fcst:NAve=0<br>
2:44496:d=17111700:SNMR:kpds5=<wbr>171:kpds6=109:kpds7=1:TR=10:P1<wbr>=0:P2=1:TimeU=14:hybrid
lev 1:30min fcst:NAve=0<br>
3:88992:d=17111700:REFC:kpds5=<wbr>212:kpds6=200:kpds7=0:TR=10:P1<wbr>=0:P2=1:TimeU=14:atmos
col:30min fcst:NAve=0<br>
...<br>
<br>
TimeU=14<br>
<br>
<br>
Where this comes from? <br>
<br>
As far as I understand it, UPP follows this
time designation for time units:<br>
<a
class="m_4401021575132931700m_7180575574443492308moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.nco.ncep.noaa.gov/pmb/docs/on388/table4.html"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">http://www.nco.ncep.noaa.gov/p<wbr>mb/docs/on388/table4.html</a><br>
14 = "Half an hour"<br>
<br>
This is from UPP code that sets it:<br>
<br>
! J. HALLEY GOTWAY, MODIFY HOW THE TIME
INFORMATION IS STORED IN ID(17-20),<br>
! (FCST TIME UNIT, P1, P2, TIME RANGE
INDICATOR).<br>
! CHECK IF THE NUMBER OF FORECAST MINUTES
IS ZERO FOR HOURS OR NON-ZERO FOR<br>
! OFF-HOUR FORECASTS. FOR OFF-HOUR
FORECASTS, CHECK IF THE TOTAL NUMBER<br>
! OF MINUTES IS DIVISIBLE BY 30, 15, OR
NEITHER, AND USE THE APPROPRIATE<br>
! FCST TIME UNIT VALUE. FOR ANY FIELD
OTHER THAN AN INSTANTANEOUS FIELD,<br>
! ASSUME ID(18-20), ARE PASSED IN
CORRECTLY.<br>
<br>
IF(IFMIN .GE. 1)THEN<br>
! ID(17) = 0<br>
! COMPUTE THE TOTAL FORECAST MINUTES.<br>
TOTMIN=IFHR*60+IFMIN<br>
<br>
! CHECK FOR 1/2 HOURLY INCREMENTS.<br>
IF (MOD(TOTMIN, 30) == 0) THEN<br>
ID(17) = 14<br>
DIV = 30<br>
! CHECK FOR 1/4 HOURLY INCREMENTS.<br>
ELSEIF (MOD(TOTMIN, 15) == 0)
THEN<br>
ID(17) = 13<br>
DIV = 15<br>
! OTHERWISE, USE MINUTES.<br>
ELSE<br>
ID(17) = 0<br>
DIV = 1<br>
ENDIF<br>
<br>
<br>
Does this look OK to you?<br>
<br>
Thx<br>
Ivan<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
On 11/15/2017 02:39 PM, Wesley Ebisuzaki -
NOAA Federal wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div dir="ltr">
<div>
<div>Ivan,<br>
<br>
</div>
I am not aware of a time unit 14. It's
not in NCEP's documentation.<br>
<br>
</div>
Wesley<br>
<div><br>
<a
href="http://www.nco.ncep.noaa.gov/pmb/docs/grib2/grib2_table4-4.shtml"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">http://www.nco.ncep.noaa.gov/p<wbr>mb/docs/grib2/grib2_table4-4.s<wbr>html</a><br>
<div>
<div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Wed,
Nov 15, 2017 at 4:27 AM, Ivan
Toman <span dir="ltr"><<a
href="mailto:ivtoman@inet.hr"
target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">ivtoman@inet.hr</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote"
style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left:1px solid
rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
<div
class="m_4401021575132931700m_7180575574443492308gmail-m_2394360537298039888moz-cite-prefix">Wesley,<br>
<br>
I finally found time to
dig into this.<br>
<br>
I actually get "undefined
time unit 14" from wgrib2
when trying to handle 30
min records. That's
probably why g2ctl,
alt_g2ctl also does not do
the job (throwing this
message) and so on.<br>
<br>
For example, your
suggestion #2:<br>
<br>
$ wgrib2
wrfprs_d01.00_30.g2 -if
":30 min fcst:" -set_ftime
"30 min fcst" -fi -grib
wrfprs_d01.00_30.g2.con<br>
add_time: undefined time
unit 14<br>
add_time: undefined time
unit 14<br>
add_time: undefined time
unit 14<br>
1:0:d=<a
href="tel:%28201%29%20711-1500"
value="+12017111500"
target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">2017111500</a>:RWMR:1
hybrid level:1 ? fcst:<br>
add_time: undefined time
unit 14<br>
add_time: undefined time
unit 14<br>
add_time: undefined time
unit 14<br>
2:2310:d=<a
href="tel:%28201%29%20711-1500"
value="+12017111500"
target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">2017111500</a>:SNMR:1
hybrid level:1 ? fcst:<br>
add_time: undefined time
unit 14<br>
...<br>
<br>
<br>
Or...<br>
<br>
$ alt_gmp -i
wrfprs_d01.grib2.ctl <br>
wgrib2_flags=-npts
-set_ext_name 1 -end_FT
-ext_name -lev<br>
wgrib2_inv=.invd01<br>
dtype: dtype grib2<br>
pdef: pdef 149 149 lccr
-29.363000 45.203000 1 1
-21.633000 -21.633000
54.288000 12000.000000
12000.000000tdef: nt=7
start=00Z15nov2017 by=10mn<br>
zdef: nlevel=25<br>
resolve_dsets
dset=wrfprs_d01.grib2
inctime=10mn<br>
resolve_dsets: no template<br>
scanning wrfprs_d01.grib2
(process=0)<br>
add_time: undefined time
unit 14<br>
add_time: undefined time
unit 14<br>
add_time: undefined time
unit 14<br>
add_time: undefined time
unit 14<br>
add_time: undefined time
unit 14<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<a
href="http://grib1to2.pl"
target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">grib1to2.pl</a>
did not work either, it
failed:<br>
<br>
$ for i in WRFPRS_d01.0* ;
do ./<a
href="http://grb1to2.pl"
target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">grb1to2.pl</a>
-o $i.g2 $i ; done<br>
(((rec 1:0:date <a
href="tel:%28201%29%20711-1500"
value="+12017111500"
target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">2017111500</a>
RWMR kpds5=170 kpds6=109
kpds7=1 levels=(0,1)
grid=255 hybrid lev 1 anl:<br>
RWMR=Rain water mixing
ratio [kg/kg]<br>
timerange 0 P1 0 P2 0
TimeU 1 nx 149 ny 149 GDS
grid 3 num_in_ave 0
missing 0<br>
center 7 subcenter 0
process 125 Table 2 scan:
WE:SN winds(grid) <br>
Lambert Conf: Lat1
-29.363000 Lon1 45.203000
Lov 54.288000<br>
Latin1 -21.633000
Latin2 -21.633000 LatSP
-90.000000 LonSP 0.000000<br>
South Pole (149 x
149) Dx 12.000000 Dy
12.000000 scan 64 mode 136<br>
min/max data 0 0 num
bits 0 BDS_Ref 0
DecScale 0 BinScale 0<br>
<br>
)))<br>
>> grib2_metadata
--- WRFPRS_d01.00_00
wgrib=./wgrib
wgrib2=./wgrib2<br>
Use of uninitialized value
$1 in negation (-) at ./<a
href="http://grib1to2_metadata.pl" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">grib1to2_metadata.pl</a>
line 74, <INV> line
1.<br>
no scan mode at ./<a
href="http://grib1to2_metadata.pl"
target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">grib1to2_metadata.pl</a>
line 83, <INV> line
1.<br>
missing GRIB record(s)<br>
((()))<br>
Problem, winds not
defined! old ./wgrib?<br>
grib2 message ignored (use
wgrib2)<br>
missing GRIB record(s)<br>
((()))<br>
Problem, winds not
defined! old ./wgrib?<br>
(((rec 1:0:date <a
href="tel:%28201%29%20711-1500"
value="+12017111500"
target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">2017111500</a>
RWMR kpds5=170 kpds6=109
kpds7=1 levels=(0,1)
grid=255 hybrid lev 1
10min fcst:<br>
RWMR=Rain water mixing
ratio [kg/kg]<br>
timerange 10 P1 0 P2 10
TimeU 0 nx 149 ny 149 GDS
grid 3 num_in_ave 0
missing 0<br>
center 7 subcenter 0
process 125 Table 2 scan:
WE:SN winds(grid) <br>
Lambert Conf: Lat1
-29.363000 Lon1 45.203000
Lov 54.288000<br>
Latin1 -21.633000
Latin2 -21.633000 LatSP
-90.000000 LonSP 0.000000<br>
South Pole (149 x
149) Dx 12.000000 Dy
12.000000 scan 64 mode 136<br>
min/max data 0
5.31824e-06 num bits 16
BDS_Ref 0 DecScale 11
BinScale 4<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
I have no idea how to
proceed further.<br>
Tks,<br>
Ivan<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
On 11/07/2017 08:12 PM,
Wesley Ebisuzaki - NOAA
Federal wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div dir="ltr">
<div>
<div>Ivan,<br>
<br>
</div>
</div>
<div>"UPP follows NCEP
code table for timing
grib records - for 15
and 30<br>
minute records use
codes 13 and 14
respectively instead
of simple<br>
minutes. This seems to
confuse GrADS (or
g2ctl/gribmap, I'm not
sure)."<br>
<br>
"Yes it is fixed. I'm
currently need to
output 10 min
intervals. So, for <br>
full hour, 10m, 20m,
40m and 50m I get OK
data. But for 30m I do
not."<br>
<br>
</div>
<div>These quotes
suggests that it is a
problem with gribmap
expecting<br>
</div>
<div>30
minute_time_units and
not being able to
handle 1
30_minute_time_units.<br>
<br>
</div>
<div>Suggestion #1<br>
<br>
</div>
<div> use
alt_g2ctl/alt_gmp<br>
<br>
</div>
<div> Both are based
on wgrib2 which uses
english rather than
code table numbers.<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Suggestion #2<br>
<br>
</div>
<div> convert
forecast time from 1
(30 minutes) to 30
(minutes)<br>
<br>
</div>
<div> wgrib2 IN.grb
-if ":30 min fcst:"
-set_ftime "30 min
fcst" -fi -grib
OUT.grb<br>
<br>
</div>
<div>Wesley<br>
<br>
</div>
<div><br>
<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
<div
class="gmail_extra"><br>
<div
class="gmail_quote">On
Tue, Nov 7, 2017
at 1:21 PM, Jeff
Duda <span
dir="ltr"><<a
href="mailto:jeffduda319@gmail.com" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">jeffduda319@gmail.com</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote
class="gmail_quote"
style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid
rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="ltr">
<div>
<div>
<div>What
result do you
get when you
do<br>
<br>
</div>
wgrib2 -T
(grib file)<br>
<br>
?<br>
<br>
</div>
Look after the
"D=", as the
represents the
time in the
GRIB2 file.<br>
<br>
</div>
Jeff<br>
</div>
<div
class="gmail_extra"><br>
<div
class="gmail_quote">On
Tue, Nov 7,
2017 at 12:10
PM, Ivan Toman
<span
dir="ltr"><<a
href="mailto:ivtoman@inet.hr" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">ivtoman@inet.hr</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote
class="gmail_quote"
style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid
rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div
bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
<div
class="m_4401021575132931700m_7180575574443492308gmail-m_2394360537298039888gmail-m_1535943391223832856m_5316030439332110718moz-cite-prefix">Hello,<br>
<br>
Yes it is
fixed. I'm
currently need
to output 10
min intervals.
So, for full
hour, 10m,
20m, 40m and
50m I get OK
data. But for
30m I do not.<br>
<br>
Thank you!<span
class="m_4401021575132931700m_7180575574443492308gmail-m_2394360537298039888gmail-m_1535943391223832856HOEnZb"><font
color="#888888"><br>
Ivan</font></span>
<div>
<div
class="m_4401021575132931700m_7180575574443492308gmail-m_2394360537298039888gmail-m_1535943391223832856h5"><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
On 11/07/2017
05:50 PM, Jeff
Duda wrote:<br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div
class="m_4401021575132931700m_7180575574443492308gmail-m_2394360537298039888gmail-m_1535943391223832856h5">
<blockquote
type="cite">
<div dir="ltr">
<div>What is
your time
interval? If
it's not
fixed, that's
one problem.
If it is
fixed, then I
don't see why
regular
templating
wouldn't work
unless the
time being
written to the
grib2 file is
not right. But
there are ways
to fix that.<br>
<br>
</div>
Jeff Duda<br>
</div>
<div
class="gmail_extra"><br>
<div
class="gmail_quote">On
Tue, Nov 7,
2017 at 10:12
AM, Ivan Toman
<span
dir="ltr"><<a
href="mailto:ivtoman@inet.hr" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">ivtoman@inet.hr</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote
class="gmail_quote"
style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid
rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Hello,<br>
<br>
I'm having
difficulties
reading
sub-hourly
time records
from WRF grib<br>
files in
GrADS.<br>
<br>
UPP follows
NCEP code
table for
timing grib
records - for
15 and 30<br>
minute records
use codes 13
and 14
respectively
instead of
simple<br>
minutes. This
seems to
confuse GrADS
(or
g2ctl/gribmap,
I'm not sure).<br>
<br>
What I get as
result is that
I can read any
sub-hourly
record as long
as<br>
it is not 15
or 30 minute
record. For
those, I get
undefined grid<br>
instead of
data.<br>
<br>
I use this
workflow for
postprocessing:
wfrout
>(UPP)>
grib1
>(cnvgrib)><br>
grib2
>(g2ctl,gribmap)>
GrADS<br>
<br>
Does anybody
know what is
going on
there?<br>
<br>
Thank you in
advance<br>
<br>
Ivan Toman<br>
<br>
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</blockquote>
</div>
<br>
<br
clear="all">
<br>
-- <br>
<div
class="m_4401021575132931700m_7180575574443492308gmail-m_2394360537298039888gmail-m_1535943391223832856m_5316030439332110718gmail_signature">
<div dir="ltr">
<div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div>Jeff Duda<br>
Post-doctoral
research
fellow<br>
University of
Oklahoma
School of
Meteorology<br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<fieldset
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<br>
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</pre>
</blockquote>
<p><br>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
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<br>
</blockquote>
</div>
<span
class="m_4401021575132931700m_7180575574443492308gmail-m_2394360537298039888gmail-HOEnZb"><font
color="#888888"><br>
<br
clear="all">
<br>
-- <br>
<div
class="m_4401021575132931700m_7180575574443492308gmail-m_2394360537298039888gmail-m_1535943391223832856gmail_signature">
<div dir="ltr">
<div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div>Jeff Duda<br>
Post-doctoral
research
fellow<br>
University of
Oklahoma
School of
Meteorology<br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</font></span></div>
<br>
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<br>
</blockquote>
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<br>
</div>
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<br>
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<br>
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<br>
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</pre>
</blockquote>
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