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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">The grib header is correct.<br>
      Let us denote the data from 6 hourly output as C1, C2, C3, C4, C5,
      C6.<br>
      <br>
      To get hourly mean, then<br>
      for hour 1, the mean is C1,<br>
      for hour 2, the mean is 2C2-C1<br>
      for hour 3, the mean is 3C3-2C2<br>
      for hour 4, the mean is 4C4-3C2<br>
      for hour 5, the mean is 5C5-4C4<br>
      and for hour 6, it is 6C6-5C5<br>
      <br>
      This pattern repeats every six ours.<br>
      I hope this helps.<br>
      Moorthi<br>
      On 11/02/2016 07:41 PM, Sam Wilson wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote cite="mid:D43FC693.123283%25sam@surfline.com"
      type="cite">
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      <div>
        <div>Hi Jeff,</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>I plotted a quick and dirty cloud animation using the data
          - each step is 1 hour from f001 through f015 in the attached.</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>It appears that they are averages over time - you can see
          the bigger jumps at steps 8 and 14 (the transition from 0-6hr
          avg to 6-7hr and from 6-12hr avg to 12-13hr).</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Marian - thank you for the feedback.  Sounds like using the
          hourly data for cloud cover may not be a good idea, unless
          someone else has a solution.</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div>Thanks,</div>
      <div>Sam</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <span id="OLK_SRC_BODY_SECTION">
        <div style="font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt;
          text-align:left; color:black; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none;
          BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT:
          0in; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid;
          BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
          <span style="font-weight:bold">From: </span>&lt;<a
            moz-do-not-send="true"
            href="mailto:gradsusr-bounces@gradsusr.org">gradsusr-bounces@gradsusr.org</a>&gt;
          on behalf of Jeff Duda &lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true"
            href="mailto:jeffduda319@gmail.com">jeffduda319@gmail.com</a>&gt;<br>
          <span style="font-weight:bold">Reply-To: </span>GrADS Users
          Forum &lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true"
            href="mailto:gradsusr@gradsusr.org">gradsusr@gradsusr.org</a>&gt;<br>
          <span style="font-weight:bold">Date: </span>Wednesday,
          November 2, 2016 at 3:21 PM<br>
          <span style="font-weight:bold">To: </span>GrADS Users Forum
          &lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true"
            href="mailto:gradsusr@gradsusr.org">gradsusr@gradsusr.org</a>&gt;<br>
          <span style="font-weight:bold">Subject: </span>Re: [gradsusr]
          GFS total cloud cover<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>
          <div>
            <div dir="ltr">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <div>Sam,<br>
                  </div>
                  That might just be a wgrib table thing. Have you
                  actually plotted the field over those times? If it's
                  truly an averaged field, you should be able to see
                  some indication of that in the texture and smoothness
                  of the fields as you progress through increasing
                  averaged times. <br>
                  <br>
                </div>
                My guess is that this is just some arbitrary setting in
                wgrib and does not reflect the true nature of the field.
                But I could be wrong. If there are any NCEP folks who
                work on the GFS on this forum, perhaps one of them could
                set the record straight.<br>
                <br>
              </div>
              Jeff <br>
            </div>
            <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
              <div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Nov 2, 2016 at 4:54 PM,
                Sam Wilson <span dir="ltr">
                  &lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                    href="mailto:sam@surfline.com" target="_blank">sam@surfline.com</a>&gt;</span>
                wrote:<br>
                <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
                  .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
                  <div
style="word-wrap:break-word;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:14px;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
                    <div>
                      <div>Thanks for the response Jeff - it’s strange
                        to me as well!</div>
                      <div><br>
                      </div>
                      <div>Running wgrib2 on the data files for forecast
                        hours 001 through 007 gives the following for
                        TCDCclm:</div>
                      <div><br>
                      </div>
                      <div><b>f001:</b></div>
                      <div>17:7991683:d=2016110212:TCDC:<wbr>entire
                        atmosphere:<b>0-1</b> hour ave fcst:</div>
                      <div><b>f002:</b></div>
                      <div>17:8082626:d=2016110212:TCDC:<wbr>entire
                        atmosphere:<b>0-2</b> hour ave fcst:</div>
                      <div><b>f003:</b></div>
                      <div>17:8059826:d=2016110212:TCDC:<wbr>entire
                        atmosphere:<b>0-3 </b>hour ave fcst:</div>
                      <div><b>f004:</b></div>
                      <div>17:8057865:d=2016110212:TCDC:<wbr>entire
                        atmosphere:<b>0-4</b> hour ave fcst:</div>
                      <div><b>f005:</b></div>
                      <div>17:8119289:d=2016110212:TCDC:<wbr>entire
                        atmosphere:<b>0-5</b> hour ave fcst:</div>
                      <div><b>f006:</b></div>
                      <div>17:8172510:d=2016110212:TCDC:<wbr>entire
                        atmosphere:<b>0-6</b> hour ave fcst:</div>
                      <div><b>f007:</b></div>
                      <div>17:8013825:d=2016110212:TCDC:<wbr>entire
                        atmosphere:<b>6-7</b> hour ave fcst:</div>
                      <div><br>
                      </div>
                      <div>And it continues on..once the files go to 3
                        hourly (after hour 120), we have:</div>
                      <div><br>
                      </div>
                      <div><b>f123:</b></div>
                      <div>17:7687687:d=2016110212:TCDC:<wbr>entire
                        atmosphere:<b>120-123</b> hour ave fcst:</div>
                      <div><b>f126:</b></div>
                      <div>17:7778871:d=2016110212:TCDC:<wbr>entire
                        atmosphere:<b>120-126</b> hour ave fcst:</div>
                      <div><b>f129:</b></div>
                      <div>17:7728042:d=2016110212:TCDC:<wbr>entire
                        atmosphere:<b>126-129</b> hour ave fcst:</div>
                      <div><br>
                      </div>
                      <div>And finally the 12 hourly files (past hour
                        240) are all just 12 hour average forecasts:</div>
                      <div><br>
                      </div>
                      <div><b>f252:</b></div>
                      <div>17:6845416:d=2016110212:TCDC:<wbr>entire
                        atmosphere:<b>240-252</b> hour ave fcst:</div>
                      <div><br>
                      </div>
                      <div>I did think about the method you suggested
                        (tcdcclm - tcdcclm(t-1)) but stopped there for
                        the reason you mentioned..</div>
                      <div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div>Strange indeed - unless I’m missing
                          something..</div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div>Thanks,</div>
                        <div>Sam</div>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                    <div><br>
                    </div>
                    <span id="m_1177070826903731705OLK_SRC_BODY_SECTION">
                      <div
style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:11pt;text-align:left;color:black;BORDER-BOTTOM:medium
                        none;BORDER-LEFT:medium
none;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#b5c4df
                        1pt solid;BORDER-RIGHT:medium
                        none;PADDING-TOP:3pt">
                        <span style="font-weight:bold">From: </span>&lt;<a
                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                          href="mailto:gradsusr-bounces@gradsusr.org"
                          target="_blank">gradsusr-bounces@gradsusr.org</a><wbr>&gt;
                        on behalf of Jeff Duda &lt;<a
                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                          href="mailto:jeffduda319@gmail.com"
                          target="_blank">jeffduda319@gmail.com</a>&gt;<br>
                        <span style="font-weight:bold">Reply-To: </span>GrADS
                        Users Forum &lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                          href="mailto:gradsusr@gradsusr.org"
                          target="_blank">gradsusr@gradsusr.org</a>&gt;<br>
                        <span style="font-weight:bold">Date: </span>Wednesday,
                        November 2, 2016 at 2:08 PM<br>
                        <span style="font-weight:bold">To: </span>GrADS
                        Users Forum &lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                          href="mailto:gradsusr@gradsusr.org"
                          target="_blank">gradsusr@gradsusr.org</a>&gt;<br>
                        <span style="font-weight:bold">Subject: </span>Re:
                        [gradsusr] GFS total cloud cover<br>
                      </div>
                      <div><br>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <div>
                          <div dir="ltr">
                            <div>
                              <div>It seems a little strange to me that
                                the total cloud cover product would be
                                averaged over time. Is that really the
                                case?<br>
                                <br>
                              </div>
                              Anyway, if you really do have an average
                              over overlapping and increasing windows,
                              with nothing else to go on and without
                              applying the equations of motion in
                              reverse, you'd have to assume a linear
                              averaging, so subtraction of subsequent
                              slices of the field (i.e., tcdcclm -
                              tcdcclm(t-1)) would give you piecewise
                              temporal averages. However, that method
                              would give you negative cloud cover values
                              which is clearly nonsensical, which again
                              is why I question whether or not that
                              array contains a temporal average. That
                              just doesn't make a lot of sense.<br>
                              <br>
                            </div>
                            Jeff Duda<br>
                          </div>
                          <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
                            <div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Nov 2, 2016
                              at 3:27 PM, Sam Wilson <span dir="ltr">
                                &lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                  href="mailto:sam@surfline.com"
                                  target="_blank">sam@surfline.com</a>&gt;</span>
                              wrote:<br>
                              <blockquote class="gmail_quote"
                                style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px
                                #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
                                <div
style="word-wrap:break-word;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:14px;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
                                  <div>Hi,</div>
                                  <div><br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>I’m working with hourly GFS total
                                    cloud cover (TCDCclm) and I’m a bit
                                    stumped on the following..</div>
                                  <div><br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>Given TCDCclm for hours 0-1, 0-2,
                                    0-3, 0-4, 0-5, and 0-6, what is the
                                    proper way to determine TCDCclm for
                                    hours 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, and 5-6?</div>
                                  <div><br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>I may be making the problem more
                                    difficult than it is..but wanted to
                                    ping this group to be sure.</div>
                                  <div><br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <div>Is there an existing grads
                                      script that handles this already
                                      and if not, does anyone here have
                                      any insight?</div>
                                  </div>
                                  <div><br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>Thanks so much for your time.</div>
                                  <div><br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>Best,</div>
                                  <div>Sam</div>
                                </div>
                                <br>
                                ______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
                                gradsusr mailing list<br>
                                <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                  href="mailto:gradsusr@gradsusr.org"
                                  target="_blank">gradsusr@gradsusr.org</a><br>
                                <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                  href="http://gradsusr.org/mailman/listinfo/gradsusr"
                                  rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://gradsusr.org/mailman/li<wbr>stinfo/gradsusr</a><br>
                                <br>
                                <span class="HOEnZb"></span></blockquote>
                              <span class="HOEnZb"></span></div>
                            <span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><br>
                                <br clear="all">
                                <br>
                                -- <br>
                                <div
                                  class="m_1177070826903731705gmail_signature"
                                  data-smartmail="gmail_signature">
                                  <div dir="ltr">
                                    <div>Jeff Duda<br>
                                      Post-doctoral research associate<br>
                                      University of Oklahoma School of
                                      Meteorology<br>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </font></span></div>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                    </span></div>
                  <br>
                  ______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
                  gradsusr mailing list<br>
                  <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                    href="mailto:gradsusr@gradsusr.org">gradsusr@gradsusr.org</a><br>
                  <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                    href="http://gradsusr.org/mailman/listinfo/gradsusr"
                    rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://gradsusr.org/mailman/<wbr>listinfo/gradsusr</a><br>
                  <br>
                </blockquote>
              </div>
              <br>
              <br clear="all">
              <br>
              -- <br>
              <div class="gmail_signature"
                data-smartmail="gmail_signature">
                <div dir="ltr">
                  <div>Jeff Duda<br>
                    Post-doctoral research associate<br>
                    University of Oklahoma School of Meteorology<br>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
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      <br>
      <pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
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</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    <p><br>
    </p>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
Dr. Shrinivas Moorthi
Research Meteorologist
Global Climate and Weather Modeling Branch
Environmental Modeling Center / National Centers for Environmental Prediction
5830 University Research Court - (W/NP23), College Park MD 20740 USA
Tel:(301)683-3718</pre>
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