[gradsusr] Problem with skewt plot using WRF output

Jeffrey Duda jdduda at iastate.edu
Mon Nov 8 15:00:16 EST 2010


Cristian,
A couple of things I noticed.

1) If you are running WRF-ARW, then your u and v wind are in m/s, but the
script assumes your winds will be in kts.  Just know that unless you adjust
u and v before calling the main function, the results you get will be in m/s
instead of kts.  However, it's possible that this is causing the hodograph
not to be plotted, but I would think an error would appear if that was the
case.

2)  I would consider setting HodXcent and HodYcent to -1.  Since the script
redefines the plotting window, your choice of 6 and 9 for the center of the
hodograph may not be on the virtual page/plotting area and thus you wouldn't
even see it.

3)  Try setting BarbCol to -1 instead of 1

See if any of this helps.

Jeff Duda

On Mon, Nov 8, 2010 at 1:23 PM, Cristian ... <galenso85 at hotmail.com> wrote:

>  Hello,
>
> My name is Cristian. I am having some troubles to perform some skewt
> graphics using WRF output.
> I have created a binary and .ctl archives using ARWpost.
> The file is OK, and no troubles are expected.
>
> The problem starts when I want to create a skewt graphic.
> The temperature and dewpoint profiles are OK, but no information about wind
> is shown. Neither the Hodograpf, nor the wind speed and direction profiles
> are shown.
>
> No message of an error apears, and i have no idea what is happening.
> Even the undef value is th same as the .ctl archive.
>
> I am using Grads version 1.a8, in UBUNTU 9.04.
>
> Here is the script. I only changed parameters at the top of the archive.
>
> I really appreciate your help.
>
> Thanks
>
>
> -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> * Script para construir radiosondeos
>
> 'reinit'
> 'run /home/cristian/Escritorio/Experimentos/lib/jaecol'
> 'set display color white'
> 'reset'
>
> * Defino el archivo a utilizar
>
> 'open 20081004_YSU.ctl'
> *path=''
>
> * Latitud Longitud y tiempo
>
> lat=-46
> lon=-68
> time=12z04Oct2008
>
>
> 'set time 'time
> 'set lon 'lon
> 'set lat 'lat
>
> *Entre que niveles hace el perfil hacerlo entre 1000 y 600
>
> levmax=925
> levmin=500
>
> 'set lev  'levmax ' ' levmin
>
> *calculo Td a partir de HR, P y T
> *'define et=(-2937.4/(t))-(4.9283*log10(t))+22.5518'
> *'define es=pow(10,et)*10'
> *'define e=es*0.01*hr'
> *'define q=0.622*e/(lev-e)'
> *'define aux1=q*1000*(1.+0.81*q)'
> *'define aux2=0.2854*(1.-0.28*q)'
> *'define aux3=(1000/lev)'
> *'define td=243.5/((17.67/(log(e/6.11)))-1)'
> *'define tc=t-273'
>
> 'set ylopts 1 5 0.18'
>
> plotskew(tc,td,u,v)
>
> 'q dims'
> line1=sublin(result,4)
> line2=sublin(result,5)
> itime1=subwrd(line1,6)
> itit=substr(itime1,1,6)
> itime1=subwrd(line2,6)
> itime=substr(itime1,1,12)
> d=substr(itime1,4,2)
> m=substr(itime1,6,3)
> y=substr(itime1,9,4)
> h=substr(itime1,1,2)
> lati=-1*lat
> loni=-1*lon
>
> 'draw title Perfil vertical de T y Td en 'lati'S y 'loni'W\'itime
> 'printim 'd'.'h'sondeo.png png x600 y800 white'
>
> function plotskew(sndtemp,snddewp,u,v)
>
> *El valor Undef que se coloca acá debe coincidir con el valor undef del
> CTL, sinó hay problemas
> *en la construcción de la hodógrafa y del perfil vertical de viento.
> undef=1.e30
> *************************************************************************
> *
> * GrADS Script to Plot a SkewT/LogP Diagram
> *
> * Bob Hart
> * Penn State University / Dept of Meteorology
> * Last Update:  January 23, 2001
> *
> * Recent Changes:
> *
> * 01/23/01 - Fixed a small bug in the theta-e calculation.
> *            Errors averaged 0.5-3K.  Thank you George Bryan.
> *
> * 11/10/99 - Change in calculation method for CAPE/CIN.  Trapezoid
> *            integration method is now used.  Speeds up execution
> *            by 25%, and increases accuracy by 5-10%.
> *
> * 10/18/99 - Minor glitch fixed that occasionally caused crash.
> *
> *  8/26/99 - Datasets with missing data can now be used.
> *
> * Features:
> *   - All features of standard skewt/logp plot
> *   - RH sounding
> *   - LCL location
> *   - Parcel trajectory for both sfc based convection and elevated from
> *     most unstable level (highest theta-e level reported)
> *   - Stability indices and precipitable water calculations
> *   - CAPE & CIN Calculations
> *   - Wind Profile
> *   - Hodograph / Hodograph scaling
> *   - Helicity and SR Helicity Calculations and Display
> *   - Color aspects of output
> *   - Line Thickness, style aspects of output
> *   - Can be run in either PORTRAIT or LANDSCAPE mode.
> *
> * There are numerous tunable parameters below to change the structure
> * and output for the diagram.
> *
> * Function Arguments:
> *    sndtemp - temperature data (Celsius) as a function of pressure
> *    snddewp - dewpoint data (Celsius) as a function of pressure
> *    sndspd  - wind speed data (knots) as a function of pressure
> *    snddir  - wind direction data as a function of pressure
> *
> * Use '-1' for any of the above 4 arguments to indicate that you
> * are not passing that variable.  The appropriate options will
> * be ignored based on your specifying '-1' for that variable.
> *
> * NOTE:  Make sure to set the vertical range of the plot before running.
> *        I.e., "SET LEV 1050 150", for example.   This does not have to
> *        be limited to the pressure range of your data.
> *
> * Labelling:  Pressure/Height is labelled along left side.  Temperature is
> *             labelled along bottom.  Mixing ratio is labelled along right
> *             side/top.
> *
> *
> * PROBLEMS:  First check out the web page for the script (which also
> *            has a link to a FAQ with answers to many common questions
> *            about using the script):
> *            http://www.ems.psu.edu/~hart/skew.html<http://www.ems.psu.edu/%7Ehart/skew.html>
> *
> * Please send any further problems, comments, or suggestions to
> * <hart at ems.psu.edu>
> *
> * ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:  Thanks go to the innumerable users who have helped
> * fine tune the script from the horrible mess from which it began.
> * In particular, thanks go out to Steve Lord (NCEP), Mike Fiorino (ECMWF),
> * George Bryan (PSU), Davide Sacchetti (CMIRL), and Enrico Minguzzi
> (CMIRL).
> *
> **************************************************************************
> *           !!!!!   BEGINNING OF USER-SPECIFIED OPTIONS  !!!!!!
> **************************************************************************
> *
> * --------------------- Initialization options  ----------------------
> *
> * ClrScrn = Whether to clear the screen before drawing diagram
> *           [1 = yes, 0 = no]
>
> ClrScrn = 1
>
> *
> * ------------------- Define Skew-T Diagram Shape/Slope-----------------
> *
> * (P1,T1) = Pres, Temp of some point on left-most side
> * (P2,T2) = Pres, Temp of some point on right-most side
> * (P3,T3) = Pres, Temp of some point in diagram which is mid-point
> *           in the horizontal between 1 and 2.
> *
> * P1, P2, P3 are in mb ; T1, T2, T3 are in Celsius
> *
> * These define the SLOPE and WIDTH of the diagram as you see it but DO NOT
> * DEFINE THE HEIGHT of the diagram as you see it.  In other words,
> * 1 and 2 do NOT necessarily need to be at the bottom of the diagram and
> * 3 does NOT necessarily need to be at the top.  THE VERTICAL PRESSURE
> * RANGE OF THE SKEWT AS YOU SEE IT IS DETERMINED BY YOUR 'SET Z ...'
> * COMMAND OR THE 'SET LEV ...' COMMAND BEFORE RUNNING THIS SCRIPT.
> *
> *    _______________________
> *   |                       |
> *   |                       |
> *   |           3           |
> *   |                       |
> *   |                       |
> *   |                       |
> *   |                       |
> *   |                       |
> *   |                       |
> *   |                       |
> *   |                       |
> *   |1                     2|
> *   |                       |
> *   |_______________________|
> *
> *
> * A good set of defining points are given below.   Feel free
> * to experiment with variations.
>
>
> *P1 = 1000
> *T1 = -40
>
> *P2 = 1000
> *T2 = 40
>
> *P3 = 200
> *T3 = 0
>
> * Another good set of defining points suggested by Juan Ruiz (Emagrama)
> * are:
> *
>  P1 = 1000
>  T1 = -80
> *
>  P2 = 1000
>  T2 = 40
> *
>  P3 = 500
>  T3 = -20
>
> * ------------------- Contour Intervals / Levels --------------------------
> *
> * All variables below are contour intervals/levels for diagram
> *
> * Thetaint = interval for potential temperature lines
> * Thetwint = interval for moist pseudo adiabats
> * tempint  = interval for temperature lines
> * wsclevs  = contour LEVELS for mixing ratio lines
> *
> *
> thetaint= 20
> thetwint= 10
> tempint = 10
> wsclevs = ".1 .5 1 3 6 10 15 20 25 30"
> *
> *
> * ------------------------ Output Options --------------------------------
> *
> * All variables below are logical .. 1=yes, 0=no, unless otherwise
> * specified.
> *
> * DrawBarb = Draw wind barbs along right side of plot
> * DrawThet = Draw dry adiabats
> * DrawThtw = Draw moist pseudo-adiabats
> * DrawTemp = Draw temperature lines
> * DrawMix  = Draw mixing ratio lines
> * DrawTSnd = Draw temperature sounding
> * DrawDSnd = Draw dewpoint sounding
> * DrawRH   = Draw relative humidity sounding
> * DrawPrcl = Draw parcel path from surface upward
> * DrawPMax = Draw parcel path from most unstable level upward
> * DrawIndx = Display stability indices & CAPE
> * DrawHeli = Calculate and display absolute and storm-relative helicity
> * DrawHodo = Draw hodograph
> * DrawPLev = Draw Pressure Levels
> * DrawZLev = Draw height levels and lines
> *            0 = no lines
> *            1 = above ground level (AGL)
> *            2 = above sea level (ASL)
> * DrawZSTD = Draw Height levels using standard atm lapse rate
> * LblAxes  = Label the x,y axes (temperature, pressure,mixing ratio)
> *
> * ThtwStop = Pressure level at which to stop drawing Theta-w lines
> * MixStop  = Pressure level at which to stop drawing Mixratio lines
>
> DrawBarb= 1
> DrawThet= 1
> DrawThtw= 1
> DrawTemp= 1
> DrawMix = 1
> DrawTSnd= 1
> DrawDSnd= 1
> DrawRH  = 0
> DrawPrcl= 1
> DrawPMax= 1
> DrawIndx= 1
> DrawHeli= 0
> DrawHodo= 1
> DrawPLev= 1
> DrawZLev= 0
> DrawZSTD= 0
> LblAxes = 1
>
> ThtwStop = 200
> MixStop  = 400
>
>
> *
> * -----------------  Sounding Geography options ------------------------
> *
> * SfcElev = Elevation above sea-level (meters) of lowest level reported
> *           in sounding.  Used only if DrawZLev = 2
>
> SfcElev = 0
>
>
> *
> * ------------------ Thermodynamic Index Options --------------------
> *
> * All variables here are in inches.  Use -1 for the default values.
> *
> *  Text1XC = X-location of midpoint of K,TT,PW output box
> *  Text1YC = Y-location of midpoint of K,TT,PW output box
> *  Text2XC = X-Location of midpoint of surface indices output box
> *  Text2YC = Y-location of midpoint of surface indices output box
> *  Text3XC = X-Location of midpoint of most unstable level-based indices
> *            output box
> *  Text3YC = Y-location of midpoint of most unstable level-based indices
> *            output box
>
> Text1XC = -1
> Text1YC = -1
> Text2XC = -1
> Text2YC = -1
> Text3XC = -1
> Text3YC = -1
>
> *
> * ----------------- Wind Barb Profile Options ----------------------------
> *
> * All variables here are in units of inches, unless otherwise specified
> *
> *  barbint = Interval for plotting barbs (in units of levels)
> *  poleloc = X-Location of profile.  Choose -1 for the default.
> *  polelen = Length of wind-barb pole
> *  Len05   = Length of each 5-knot barb
> *  Len10   = Length of each 10-knot barb
> *  Len50   = Length of each 50-knot flag
> *  Wid50   = Width of base of 50-knot flag
> *  Spac50  = Spacing between 50-knot flag and next ror occurred on
> libarb/flag
> *  Spac10  = Spacing between 10-knot flag and next flag
> *  Spac05  = Spacing between 5-knot flag and next flag
> *  Flagbase= Draw flagbase (filled circle) for each windbarb [1=yes, 0 =no]
>
> *  Fill50  = Solid-fill 50-knot flag [1=yes, 0=no]
> *  barbline= Draw a vertical line connecting all the wind barbs [1=yes,
> 0=no]
> *
> barbint = 1
> poleloc = -1
> polelen = 0.35
> len05   = 0.07
> len10   = 0.15
> len50   = 0.15
> wid50   = 0.06
> spac50  = 0.07
> spac10  = 0.05
> spac05  = 0.05
> Fill50  = 1
> flagbase= 1
> barbline= 1
>
> *
> *
> *---------------- Hodograph Options -------------------------------------
> *
> * All variables here are in units of inches, unless otherwise specified
> *
> * HodXcent= x-location of hodograph center.  Use -1 for default location.
> * HodYcent= y-location of hodograph center.  Use -1 for default location.
> * HodSize = Size of hodograph in inches
> * NumRing = Number of rings to place in hodograph (must be at least 1)
> * HodRing = Wind speed increment of each hodograph ring
> * HodoDep = Depth (above lowest level in mb) of end of hodograph trace
> * TickInt = Interval (in kts) at which tick marks are drawn along the axes
> *           Use 0 for no tick marks.
> * TickSize= Size of tick mark in inches
> * Text4XC = X-location of midpoint of hodograph text output. Use -1 for
> default.
> * Text4YC = Y-location of midpoint of hodograph text output. Use -1 for
> default.
>
> HodXcent= 6
> HodYcent= 9
> HodSize = 2
> NumRing = 3
> HodRing = 10
> HodoDep = 500
> TickInt = 5
> TickSize= 0.1
> Text4XC = -1
> Text4YC = -1
>
> *--------------- Helicity Options ---------------------------------------
> *
> * MeanVTop = Top pressure level (mb) of mean-wind calculation
> * MeanVBot = Bottom pressure level (mb) of mean-wind calculation
> * HelicDep = Depth in mb (above ground) of helicity integration
> * StormMot = Type of storm motion estimation scheme.  Use following:
> *            0 = No departure from mean wind.
> *            1 = Davies-Jones (1990) approach
> * FillArrw = Whether to fill the arrowhead of the storm motion vector
> *            [1 = yes, 0 = no]
>
> MeanVTop= 300
> MeanVBot= 850
> HelicDep= 300
> StormMot= 0
> FillArrw= 1
>
> *
> *---------------- Color Options ------------------------------------------
> *
> * ThetCol = Color of dry adiabats
> * TempCol = Color of temperature lines
> * MixCol  = Color of mixing ratio lines
> * ThtwCol = Color of moist adiabats
> * TSndCol = Color of Temperature Sounding
> * DSndCol = Color of Dewpoint Sounding
> * RHCol   = Color of RH Sounding
> * PrclCol = Color of parcel trace
> * BarbCol = Color of wind barbs (choose -1 for color according to speed)
> * HodoCol = Color of hodograph trace
>
> ThetCol = 23
> TempCol = 79
> MixCol  = 38
> ThtwCol = 39
> TSndCol = 29
> DSndCol = 49
> RHCol   = 3
> PrclCol = 1
> BarbCol = 1
> HodoCol = 2
>
> *
> *-------------------- Line Style Options
> ------------------------------------
> *
> * GrADS Styles: 1=solid;2=long dash;3=short dash;4=long,short dashed;
> *               5=dotted;6=dot dash;7=dot dot dash
> *
> * ThetLine = Line Style of dry adiabats
> * TempLine = Line Style of temperature lines
> * MixLine  = Line Style of mixing ratio lines
> * ThtwLine = Line Style of moist adiabats
> * TSndLine = Line Style of Temperature Sounding
> * DSndLine = Line Style of Dewpoint Sounding
> * RHLine   = Line Style of RH sounding
> * PrclLine = Line Style of parcel trace
> * HodoLine = Line Style of hodograph trace
> *
>
> ThetLine = 1
> TempLine = 1
> MixLine  = 5
> ThtwLine = 2
> TSndLine = 1
> DSndLine = 2
> RHLine   = 1
> PrclLine = 3
> HodoLine = 1
>
> *
> *------------------- Line Thickness
> Options---------------------------------
> * GrADS Line Thickness: increases with increasing number. Influences
> *                       hardcopy output more strongly than screen output.
> *
> *
> * ThetThk = Line Thickness of dry adiabats
> * TempThk = Line Thickness of temperature lines
> * MixThk  = Line Thickness of mixing ratio lines
> * ThtwThk = Line Thickness of moist adiabats
> * TSndThk = Line Thickness of temperature sounding
> * DSndThk = Line thickness of dewpoint sounding
> * RHThk   = Line thickness of RH sounding
> * PrclThk = Line thickness of parcel trace
> * HodoThk = Line thickness of hodograph trace
> * BarbThk = Line thickness of wind barbs
>
> ThetThk = 3
> TempThk = 1
> MixThk  = 7
> ThtwThk = 3
> TSndThk = 12
> DSndThk = 12
> RHThk   = 8
> PrclThk = 6
> HodoThk = 6
> BarbThk = 2
>
> *
> *------------------- Data Point Marker Options
> -----------------------------
> * GrADS Marker Types: 0 = none ; 1 = cross ; 2 = open circle ;
> *                     3 = closed circle ; 4 = open square ; 5 = closed
> square
> *                     6 = X ; 7 = diamond ; 8 = triangle ; 9 = none
> *                    10 = open circle with vertical line ; 11 = open oval
> *
> * TSndMrk = Mark type of data point marker for temperature sounding
> * DSndMrk = Mark type of data point marker for dewpoint sounding
> * RHMrk   = Mark type of data point marker for relative humidity sounding
> * MrkSize = Mark size (inches) of each data marker
>
> TSndMrk = 3
> DSndMrk = 3
> RHMrk   = 0
> MrkSize = 0.1
>
>
> * !!!!! YOU SHOULD NOT NEED TO CHANGE ANYTHING BELOW HERE !!!!!
>
> ****************************************************************************
>
> *-------------------------------------------
> * grab user-specified environment dimensions
> *-------------------------------------------
>
> "q dims"
> rec=sublin(result,2)
> _xtype=subwrd(rec,3)
> _xval=subwrd(rec,9)
> rec=sublin(result,3)
> _yval=subwrd(rec,9)
> _ytype=subwrd(rec,3)
> rec=sublin(result,4)
> _ptype=subwrd(rec,3)
> _pmax=subwrd(rec,6)
> _pmin=subwrd(rec,8)
> _zmin=subwrd(rec,11)
> _zmax=subwrd(rec,13)
> rec=sublin(result,5)
> _ttype=subwrd(rec,3)
> _tval=subwrd(rec,9)
>
> "q file"
> rec=sublin(result,5)
> _zmaxfile=subwrd(rec,9)
>
> *-------------------------------------------------------------
> * Check to ensure that dimensions are valid.  Warn & exit if not.
> *--------------------------------------------------------------
>
> dimrc=0
> If (_xtype != "fixed")
>   say "X-Dims Error:  Not fixed.  Use 'set lon' or 'set x' to specify a
> value."
>   dimrc=-1
> Endif
>
> If (_ytype != "fixed")
>   say "Y-Dims Error:  Not fixed.  Use 'set lat' or 'set y' to specify a
> value"
>   dimrc=-1
> Endif
>
> If (_ptype != "varying")
>    say "Z-Dims Error:  Not varying.  Use 'set lev' or 'set z' to specify a
> range."
>    dimrc=-1
> Endif
>
> If (_ttype != "fixed")
>   say "Time Error:     Not fixed.  Use 'set time' or 'set t' to specify a
> value"
>   dimrc=-1
> Endif
>
>
> If (dimrc < 0)
>   Return(-1)
> Endif
>
>
> *
> * A few global variables used in units conversion
> *
>
> _pi=3.14159265
> _dtr=_pi/180
> _rtd=1/_dtr
> _ktm=0.514444
> _mtk=1/_ktm
>
> * A few global constants used in thermo calcs
>
> _C0=0.99999683
> _C1=-0.90826951/100
> _C2= 0.78736169/10000
> _C3=-0.61117958/1000000
> _C4= 0.43884187/pow(10,8)
> _C5=-0.29883885/pow(10,10)
> _C6= 0.21874425/pow(10,12)
> _C7=-0.17892321/pow(10,14)
> _C8= 0.11112018/pow(10,16)
> _C9=-0.30994571/pow(10,19)
>
> *Calculo la dirección e intensidad del viento usando las funciones GetWdir
> y GetWsp
>
>
>
>
>
>
> * A pressure array of power calculations which should be performed
> * only once to reduce execution time.
>
> zz=1100
> while (zz > 10)
>     subscr=zz/10
>     _powpres.subscr=pow(zz,0.286)
>     zz=zz-10
> endwhile
>
> *
> * Turn off options not available due to user data limitations
> *
>
> If (ClrScrn = 1)
>   "clear"
> Endif
>
> If (sndspd = -1 | snddir = -1)
>   DrawBarb = 0
>   DrawHodo = 0
>   DrawHeli = 0
> Endif
>
> If (snddewp = -1)
>   DrawDSnd = 0
>   DrawRH   = 0
>   DrawPrcl = 0
>   DrawPMax = 0
>   DrawIndx = 0
> Endif
>
> If (sndtemp = -1)
>   DrawTSnd = 0
>   DrawRH   = 0
>   DrawPrcl = 0
>   DrawPMax = 0
>   DrawIndx = 0
>   DrawZLev = 0
> Endif
>
> If (NumRing < 1)
>   DrawHodo = 0
> Endif
>
> "q gxinfo"
> rec=sublin(result,2)
> xsize=subwrd(rec,4)
>
> If (xsize = 11)
>    PageType = "Landscape"
> Else
>    PageType = "Portrait"
> Endif
>
> *------------------------------------------------------
> * calculate constants determining slope/shape of diagram
> * based on temp/pressure values given by user
> *-------------------------------------------------------
>
> "set x 1"
> "set y 1"
> "set z 1"
> "set t 1"
> _m1=(T1+T2-2*T3)/(2*log10(P2/P3))
> _m2=(T2-T3-_m1*log10(P2/P3))/50
> _m3=(T1-_m1*log10(P1))
>
> "set z "_zmin" "_zmax
> "set zlog on"
> "set xlab off"
>
> *-------------------------------------------------
> * perform coordinate transformation to Skew-T/LogP
> *-------------------------------------------------
>
> "set gxout stat"
> "set x "_xval
> "set y "_yval
> "set t "_tval
> "define tempx=("sndtemp"-"_m1"*log10(lev)-"_m3")/"_m2
> "define dewpx=("snddewp"-"_m1"*log10(lev)-"_m3")/"_m2
>
> If (PageType = "Portrait")
>    "set parea 0.7 7 0.75 10"
> Else
>    "set parea 0.7 6.5 0.5 8"
> Endif
>
> "set axlim 0 100"
> "set lon 0 100"
> "set grid on 1 1"
>
> "set z "_zmin " " _zmax
> "set lon 0 100"
> "set clevs -900"
> "set gxout contour"
>
> *-------------------------------------
> * Draw pressure lines
> *-------------------------------------
>
> If (DrawPLev = 0)
>    "set ylab off"
> Else
>    "set ylab on"
>    "set ylopts 1 5 0.18"
>    "set xlopts 1 3 0.18"
> Endif
>
> "d lon"
>
> *--------------------------------------
> * Determine corners of skewt/logp frame
> *--------------------------------------
>
> "q w2xy 100 "_pmin
> rxloc=subwrd(result,3)
> tyloc=subwrd(result,6)
> "q w2xy 0 "_pmax
> lxloc=subwrd(result,3)
> byloc=subwrd(result,6)
>
> If (DrawPLev = 1 & LblAxes = 1)
>    "set strsiz 0.15"
>    "set string 1 c 3 0"
>    If (PageType = "Portrait")
> * "draw string 0.5 10.5 hPa."
>    Else
>       "draw string 0.5 8.35 hPa."
>    Endif
> Endif
>
> *---------------------------------------------------
> * Calculate & draw actual height lines using temp data
> *---------------------------------------------------
>
> If (DrawZLev > 0)
>    say "Calculating observed height levels from temp/pressure data."
>    zz=1
>    "set gxout stat"
>    "set x "_xval
>    "set y "_yval
>    "set t "_tval
>    count=0
>    while (zz < _zmax)
>       "set z "zz
>       pp.zz=subwrd(result,4)
>       lpp.zz=log(pp.zz)
>       "d "sndtemp
>       rec=sublin(result,8)
>       tt=subwrd(rec,4)
>       if (tt > -900)
>          tk=tt+273.15
>          count=count+1
>          zzm=zz-1
>          If (count = 1)
>             If (DrawZLev = 2)
>                htlb="ASL"
>                height.zz=SfcElev
>             Else
>                htlb="AGL"
>                height.zz=0
>             Endif
>             sfcz=height.zz
>          Else
>
> DZ=29.2857*(lpp.zzm-lpp.zz)*(lpp.zz*tk+lpp.zzm*tkold)/(lpp.zz+lpp.zzm)
>             height.zz=height.zzm+DZ
>             highz=height.zz
>          Endif
>       else
>          height.zz = -9999
>       endif
>       tkold=tk
>       zz=zz+1
>    endwhile
>
>    maxht=int(highz/1000)
>    if (int(sfcz/1000) = sfcz/1000)
>       minht=int(sfcz/1000)
>    else
>       minht=1+int(sfcz/1000)
>    endif
>
>    ht=minht
>    "set line 1 3 1"
>    "set strsiz 0.10"
>    "set string 1 l 3 0"
>    while (ht <= maxht)
>        zz=1
>        while (height.zz/1000 <= ht)
>           zz=zz+1
>        endwhile
>        zzm=zz-1
>        PBelow=pp.zzm
>        PAbove=pp.zz
>        HBelow=height.zzm
>        HAbove=height.zz
>        DZ=HAbove-HBelow
>        DP=PAbove-PBelow
>        Del=ht*1000-HBelow
>        Est=PBelow+Del*DP/DZ
>        If (Est >= _pmin & Est <= _pmax)
>           "q w2xy 1 " Est
>           yloc=subwrd(result,6)
>           "draw line " lxloc " " yloc " " rxloc " " yloc
>           "draw string 0.22 "yloc-0.05" "ht
>        Endif
>        ht=ht+1
>    endwhile
>    "set strsiz 0.10"
>    "set string 1"
>    If (LblAxes = 1)
>       If (PageType = "Portrait")
>          "draw string 0.25 10.85 km"
>          "draw string 0.25 10.75 "htlb
>          "draw string 0.25 10.65 OBS"
>       Else
>          "draw string 0.25 8.35 km"
>          "draw string 0.25 8.25 "htlb
>          "draw string 0.25 8.15 OBS"
>       Endif
>    Endif
> Endif
>
>
> *---------------------------------------------------
> * Draw height levels (height above MSL using Std Atm)
> *---------------------------------------------------
>
> If (DrawZSTD = 1)
>    "set strsiz 0.10"
>    minht=30.735*(1-pow(_pmax/1013.26,0.287))
>    minht=int(minht+0.5)
>    maxht=30.735*(1-pow(_pmin/1013.26,0.287))
>    maxht=int(maxht)
>    "set gxout stat"
>    zcount=minht
>    while (zcount <= maxht)
>       plev=1013.26*pow((1-zcount/30.735),3.4843)
>       "q w2xy 0 "plev
>       yloc=subwrd(result,6)
>       "draw string 0 "yloc-0.05" "zcount
>       zcount=zcount+1
>    endwhile
>    "set strsiz 0.10"
>    If (LblAxes = 1)
>       If (PageType = "Portrait")
>          "draw string 0 10.85 km"
>          "draw string 0 10.75 ASL"
>          "draw string 0 10.65 STD"
>       Else
>          "draw string 0 8.35 km"
>          "draw string 0 8.25 ASL"
>          "draw string 0 8.15 STD"
>       Endif
>   Endif
> Endif
>
>
> *-----------------------
> * Plot temperature lines
> *-----------------------
>
> If (DrawTemp = 1)
>    "set strsiz 0.1"
>    "set z "_zmin " " _zmax
>    "set line "TempCol " " TempLine " "TempThk
>    "set string 1 c 3 0"
>    "set gxout stat"
>    maxtline=GetTemp(100,_pmax)
>    mintline=GetTemp(0,_pmin)
>
>    maxtline=tempint*int(maxtline/tempint)
>    mintline=tempint*int(mintline/tempint)
>
>    tloop=mintline
>    While (tloop <= maxtline)
>        Botxtemp=GetXLoc(tloop,_pmax)
>        "q w2xy "Botxtemp " " _pmax
>        Botxloc=subwrd(result,3)
>        Botyloc=byloc
>        Topxtemp=GetXLoc(tloop,_pmin)
>         "q w2xy "Topxtemp " " _pmin
>        Topxloc=subwrd(result,3)
>        Topyloc=tyloc
>        If (Botxtemp <= 100 | Topxtemp <= 100)
>           If (Topxtemp > 100)
>              Slope=(Topyloc-Botyloc)/(Topxtemp-Botxtemp)
>              b=Topyloc-Slope*Topxtemp
>              Topyloc=Slope*100+b
>              Topxloc=rxloc
>           Endif
>           If (Botxtemp < 0)
>              Slope=(Topyloc-Botyloc)/(Topxtemp-Botxtemp)
>              b=Botyloc-Slope*Botxtemp
>              Botyloc=b
>              Botxloc=lxloc
>           Else
>              "set strsiz 0.15"
>              "draw string " Botxloc-0.05 " " Botyloc-0.15 " " tloop
>           Endif
>           "draw line "Botxloc " " Botyloc " " Topxloc " " Topyloc
>        Endif
>        tloop=tloop+tempint
>    EndWhile
>    If (LblAxes = 1)
>       "set strsiz 0.15"
>       "set string 1 c"
>       If (PageType = "Portrait")
>          "draw string 4.0 0.35 Temperatura (`3.`0C)"
>          "draw string 7.7 0.35 Viento m/s "
>       Else
>          "draw string 3.5 0.15 Temperatura (`3.`0C)"
>       Endif
>    Endif
> Endif
>
>
> *------------------
> * Plot dry adiabats
> *------------------
>
> If (DrawThet = 1)
>    temp=GetTemp(100,_pmin)
>    maxtheta=GetThet2(temp,-100,_pmin)
>    maxtheta=thetaint*int(maxtheta/thetaint)
>    temp=GetTemp(0,_pmax)
>    mintheta=GetThet2(temp,-100,_pmax)
>    mintheta=thetaint*int(mintheta/thetaint)
>
>    "set lon 0 100"
>    "set y 1"
>    "set z 1"
>    tloop=mintheta
>    "set line "ThetCol" "ThetLine " "ThetThk
>    While (tloop <= maxtheta)
>      PTemp=LiftDry(tloop,1000,_pmin,1,_pmin,_pmax)
>      tloop=tloop+thetaint
>    Endwhile
> Endif
>
> *------------------------
> * Plot mixing ratio lines
> *------------------------
>
> If (DrawMix = 1)
>    If (MixStop < _pmin)
>       MixStop = _pmin
>    Endif
>    "set string 1 l"
>    "set z "_zmin " " _zmax
>    "set cint 1"
>    "set line "MixCol" " MixLine " "MixThk
>    cont = 1
>    mloop=subwrd(wsclevs,1)
>    count = 1
>    While (cont = 1)
>        BotCoef=log(mloop*_pmax/3801.66)
>        BotTval=-245.5*BotCoef/(BotCoef-17.67)
>        Botxtemp=GetXLoc(BotTval,_pmax)
>        "q w2xy "Botxtemp " " _pmax
>        Botxloc=subwrd(result,3)
>        Botyloc=byloc
>        TopCoef=log(mloop*MixStop/3801.66)
>        TopTval=-245.5*TopCoef/(TopCoef-17.67)
>        Topxtemp=GetXLoc(TopTval,MixStop)
>        "q w2xy "Topxtemp " " MixStop
>        Topxloc=subwrd(result,3)
>        Topyloc=subwrd(result,6)
>        "set string "MixCol" l 3"
>        "set strsiz 0.09"
>        If (Botxtemp <= 100 | Topxtemp <= 100)
>           If (Topxtemp > 100)
>              Slope=(Topyloc-Botyloc)/(Topxtemp-Botxtemp)
>              b=Topyloc-Slope*Topxtemp
>              Topyloc=Slope*100+b
>              Topxloc=rxloc
>              "draw string " Topxloc+0.05 " " Topyloc  " " mloop
>           Else
>              "draw string " Topxloc " " Topyloc+0.1 " " mloop
>           Endif
>           If (Botxtemp < 0)
>              Slope=(Topyloc-Botyloc)/(Topxtemp-Botxtemp)
>              b=Botyloc-Slope*Botxtemp
>              Botyloc=b
>              Botxloc=lxloc
>           Endif
>           "draw line "Botxloc " " Botyloc " " Topxloc " " Topyloc
>        Endif
>        count=count+1
>        mloop=subwrd(wsclevs,count)
>        If (mloop = "" | count > 50)
>           cont = 0
>        Endif
>    EndWhile
>    If (LblAxes = 1)
>       "set strsiz 0.15"
>       "set string 1 c 3 90"
>       If (PageType = "Portrait")
> *         "draw string 7.40 4.75 Relacion de Mezcla (g/kg)"
>       Else
> *         "draw string 6.90 4.25 Mixing Ratio (g/kg)"
>       Endif
>       "set string 1 c 3 0"
>    Endif
> Endif
>
> *-----------------------------
> * Plot moist (pseudo) adiabats
> *-----------------------------
>
> If (DrawThtw = 1)
>    "set lon 0 100"
>    "set y 1"
>    "set z 1"
>    "set gxout stat"
>    tloop=80
>    "set line "ThtwCol" "ThtwLine " "ThtwThk
>    While (tloop > -80)
>      PTemp=LiftWet(tloop,1000,ThtwStop,1,_pmin,_pmax)
>      tloop=tloop-thetwint
>    Endwhile
> Endif
>
>
> *-----------------------------------------------------
> * Plot transformed user-specified temperature sounding
> *-----------------------------------------------------
>
> If (DrawTSnd = 1)
>    say "Drawing temperature sounding."
>    "set gxout line"
>    "set x "_xval
>    "set y "_yval
>    "set z "_zmin" "_zmax
>    "set ccolor "TSndCol
>    "set cstyle "TSndLine
>    "set cmark "TSndMrk
>    "set digsiz "MrkSize
>    "set cthick "TSndThk
>    "set missconn on"
>    "d tempx"
> Endif
>
> *---------------------------------------------------
> * Plot transformed user-specified dewpoint sounding
> *---------------------------------------------------
>
> If (DrawDSnd = 1)
>    say "Drawing dewpoint sounding."
>    "set gxout line"
>    "set x "_xval
>    "set y "_yval
>    "set z "_zmin" "_zmax
>    "set cmark "DSndMrk
>    "set digsiz "MrkSize
>    "set ccolor "DSndCol
>    "set cstyle "DSndLine
>    "set cthick "DSndThk
>    "set missconn on"
>    "d dewpx"
> Endif
>
> *----------------------------------------
> * Determine lowest level of reported  data
> *----------------------------------------
>
> If (DrawTSnd = 1)
>    field=sndtemp
> Else
>    field=sndspd
> Endif
>
> "set gxout stat"
> "set x "_xval
> "set y "_yval
> "set t "_tval
> "set lev " _pmax " " _pmin
> "d maskout(lev,"field"+300)"
> rec=sublin(result,1)
> check=substr(rec,1,6)
> If (check = "Notice")
>     rec=sublin(result,9)
> Else
>     rec=sublin(result,8)
> Endif
> SfcPlev=subwrd(rec,5)
>
> If (DrawTSnd = 1 & DrawDSnd = 1)
>    "set lev "SfcPlev
>    "d "sndtemp
>    rec=sublin(result,8)
>    Sfctemp=subwrd(rec,4)
>    "d "snddewp
>    rec=sublin(result,8)
>    Sfcdewp=subwrd(rec,4)
>    SfcThee=Thetae(Sfctemp,Sfcdewp,SfcPlev)
>
> *------------------------------------------
> * Calculate temperature and pressure of LCL
> *------------------------------------------
>
>    TLcl=Templcl(Sfctemp,Sfcdewp)
>    PLcl=Preslcl(Sfctemp,Sfcdewp,SfcPlev)
> Endif
>
> *----------------------------------------------------------
> * Plot parcel path from surface to LCL and up moist adiabat
> *----------------------------------------------------------
>
> If (DrawPrcl = 1)
>    say "Drawing parcel path from surface upward."
>    If (PageType = "Portrait")
>       xloc=7.15
>    Else
>       xloc=6.65
>    Endif
>    "q w2xy 1 "PLcl
>    rec=sublin(result,1)
>    yloc=subwrd(rec,6)
>    "set strsiz 0.1"
>    If (PLcl < _pmax)
>       "set string 1 l"
>       "draw string "xloc" "yloc" LCL"
>       "set line 1 1 1"
>       "draw line "xloc-0.15" "yloc" "xloc-0.05" "yloc
>    Endif
>    "set lon 0 100"
>    "set gxout stat"
>    "set line "PrclCol" "PrclLine " " PrclThk
>    PTemp=LiftDry(Sfctemp,SfcPlev,PLcl,1,_pmin,_pmax)
>    Ptemp=LiftWet(TLcl,PLcl,_pmin,1,_pmin,_pmax)
> Endif
>
> *-------------------------------------------------------
> * Determine level within lowest 250mb having highest
> * theta-e value
> *-------------------------------------------------------
>
> If (DrawTSnd = 1 & DrawDSnd = 1)
>   "set x "_xval
>   "set y "_yval
>   "set t "_tval
>    zz=1
>    MaxThee=-999
>    "set gxout stat"
>    while (zz <= _zmax & pp > _pmax-250)
>        "set z "zz
>        pp=subwrd(result,4)
>        "d "sndtemp
>        rec=sublin(result,8)
>        tt=subwrd(rec,4)
>        "d "snddewp
>        rec=sublin(result,8)
>        dd=subwrd(rec,4)
>        If (abs(tt) < 130 & abs(dd) < 130)
>           Thee=Thetae(tt,dd,pp)
>           If (Thee > MaxThee)
>              MaxThee=Thee
>              TMaxThee=tt
>              DMaxThee=dd
>              PMaxThee=pp
>           Endif
>        endif
>        zz=zz+1
>    Endwhile
>    If (PMaxThee = SfcPlev-250)
>       PMaxThee = SfcPlev
>    Endif
> *------------------------------------------------------
> * Calculate temperature and pressure of LCL from highest
> * theta-e level
> *------------------------------------------------------
>    If (SfcPlev != PMaxThee)
>       TLclMax=Templcl(TMaxThee,DMaxThee)
>       PLclMax=Preslcl(TMaxThee,DMaxThee,PMaxThee)
>    Endif
> Endif
>
> *----------------------------------------------------------
> * Plot parcel path from highest theta-e level to LCL and up
> * moist adiabat
> *----------------------------------------------------------
>
> If (DrawPMax = 1 & SfcPlev != PMaxThee)
>    say "Drawing parcel path from most unstable level upward."
>    If (PageType = "Portrait")
>       xloc=7.15
>    Else
>       xloc=6.65
>    Endif
>    "q w2xy 1 "PLclMax
>    rec=sublin(result,1)
>    yloc=subwrd(rec,6)
>    "set strsiz 0.1"
>    If (PLclMax < _pmax)
>       "set string 1 l"
>       "draw string "xloc" "yloc" LCL"
>       "set line 1 1 1"
>       "draw line "xloc-0.15" "yloc" "xloc-0.05" "yloc
>    Endif
>    "set lon 0 100"
>    "set gxout stat"
>    "set line "PrclCol" "PrclLine " " PrclThk
>    PTemp=LiftDry(TMaxThee,PMaxThee,PLclMax,1,_pmin,_pmax)
>    Ptemp=LiftWet(TLclMax,PLclMax,_pmin,1,_pmin,_pmax)
> Endif
>
> *--------------------------------
> * Draw thermodynamic indices
> *--------------------------------
>
> If (DrawIndx = 1)
>    "set string 1 l"
>    "set strsiz 0.10"
>    "set x "_xval
>    "set y "_yval
>    "set t "_tval
>    say "Calculating precipitable water."
>    pw=precipw(sndtemp,snddewp,_pmax,_pmin)
>    say "Calculating thermodynamic indices."
>    Temp850=interp(sndtemp,850)
>    Temp700=interp(sndtemp,700)
>    Temp500=interp(sndtemp,500)
>    Dewp850=interp(snddewp,850)
>    Dewp700=interp(snddewp,700)
>    Dewp500=interp(snddewp,500)
>    If (Temp850>-900 & Dewp850>-900 & Dewp700>-900 & Temp700>-900 &
> Temp500>-900)
>       K=Temp850+Dewp850+Dewp700-Temp700-Temp500
>    Else
>       K=-999
>    Endif
>    If (Temp850 > -900 & Dewp850 > -900 & Temp500 > -900)
>       tt=Temp850+Dewp850-2*Temp500
>    Else
>       tt=-999
>    Endif
>    Temp500V=virtual2(Temp500+273.15,Dewp500+273.15,500)-273.15
>    PclTemp=LiftWet(TLcl,PLcl,500,0)
>    PclTempV=virtual2(PclTemp+273.15,PclTemp+273.15,500)-273.15
>    SLI=Temp500V-PclTempV
>    rec=CAPE(TLcl,PLcl,200,sndtemp,snddewp)
>    Pos=subwrd(rec,1)
>    CIN=subwrd(rec,2)
>
>    If (SfcPlev != PMaxThee)
>       PclTemp=LiftWet(TLclMax,PLclMax,500,0)
>       PclTempV=virtual2(PclTemp+273.15,PclTemp+273.15,500)-273.15
>       LIMax=Temp500V-PclTempV
>       rec=CAPE(TLclMax,PLclMax,100,sndtemp,snddewp)
>       PosMax=subwrd(rec,1)
>       CINMax=subwrd(rec,2)
>    Else
>       LIMax=SLI
>       PosMax=Pos
>       CINMax=CIN
>       MaxThee=SfcThee
>    Endif
>
>    If (PageType = "Portrait")
>       If (Text1XC = -1)
>          Text1XC=rxloc-0.75
>       Endif
>       If (Text1YC = -1)
>          Text1YC=tyloc-2.25
>       Endif
>       If (Text2XC = -1)
>          Text2XC=rxloc-0.75
>       Endif
>       If (Text2YC = -1)
>          Text2YC=tyloc-3.25
>       Endif
>       If (Text3XC = -1)
>           Text3XC=rxloc-0.75
>       Endif
>       If (Text3YC = -1)
>          Text3YC=tyloc-4.40
>       Endif
>    Else
>       If (Text1XC = -1)
>          Text1XC=rxloc+2.50
>       Endif
>       If (Text1YC = -1)
>          Text1YC=tyloc-3.00
>       Endif
>       If (Text2XC = -1)
>          Text2XC=rxloc+2.50
>       Endif
>       If (Text2YC = -1)
>          Text2YC=tyloc-4.00
>       Endif
>       If (Text3XC = -1)
>          Text3XC=rxloc+2.50
>       Endif
>       If (Text3YC = -1)
>          Text3YC=tyloc-5.10
>       Endif
>    Endif
>    "set string 1 l 3"
>    "set line 0 1 3"
>    "draw recf  "Text1XC-0.75 " " Text1YC-0.40 " " Text1XC+0.75 " "
> Text1YC+0.25
>    "set line 1 1 3"
>    "draw rec  "Text1XC-0.75 " " Text1YC-0.40 " " Text1XC+0.75 " "
> Text1YC+0.25
>    "draw string "Text1XC-0.70 " " Text1YC+0.10"  K"
>    "draw string "Text1XC+0.25 " " Text1YC+0.10" " int(K)
>    "draw string "Text1XC-0.70 " " Text1YC-0.10 "  TT"
>    "draw string "Text1XC+0.25 " " Text1YC-0.10 " " int(tt)
>    "draw string "Text1XC-0.70 " " Text1YC-0.25 "  AP(cm)"
>    "draw string "Text1XC+0.25 " " Text1YC-0.25 " " int(pw*100)/100
>    "set line 0 1 3"
>    "draw recf  "Text2XC-0.75 " " Text2YC-0.60 " " Text2XC+0.75 " "
> Text2YC+0.60
>    "set line 1 1 3"
>    "draw rec  "Text2XC-0.75 " " Text2YC-0.60 " " Text2XC+0.75 " "
> Text2YC+0.60
>    "draw string "Text2XC-0.35 " " Text2YC+0.50 " Superficie"
>    "draw string "Text2XC-0.70 " " Text2YC+0.30 "  Temp(`3.`0C)"
>    "draw string "Text2XC+0.25 " " Text2YC+0.30 " " int(Sfctemp*10)/10
>    "draw string "Text2XC-0.70 " " Text2YC+0.15 "  Dewp(`3.`0C)"
>    "draw string "Text2XC+0.25 " " Text2YC+0.15 " " int(Sfcdewp*10)/10
>    "draw string "Text2XC-0.70 " " Text2YC "   `3z`0`bE`n(K)"
>    "draw string "Text2XC+0.25 " " Text2YC " " int(SfcThee)
>    "draw string "Text2XC-0.70 " " Text2YC-0.15 "  LI"
>    "draw string "Text2XC+0.25 " " Text2YC-0.15 " " round(SLI)
>    "draw string "Text2XC-0.70 " " Text2YC-0.30 "  CAPE(J)"
>    "draw string "Text2XC+0.25 " " Text2YC-0.30 " " int(Pos)
>    "draw string "Text2XC-0.70 " " Text2YC-0.45 "  CIN(J)"
>    "draw string "Text2XC+0.25 " " Text2YC-0.45 " " int(CIN)
>    "set line 0 1 3"
>    "draw recf  "Text3XC-0.75 " " Text3YC-0.55 " "  Text3XC+0.75 " "
> Text3YC+0.55
>    "set line 1 1 3"
>    "draw rec  "Text3XC-0.75 " " Text3YC-0.55 " "  Text3XC+0.75 " "
> Text3YC+0.55
>    "draw string "Text3XC-0.60 " " Text3YC+0.45 " Mas inestable"
>    "draw string "Text3XC-0.70 " " Text3YC+0.20 "  Pres(hPa)"
>    "draw string "Text3XC+0.25 " " Text3YC+0.20 " " int(PMaxThee)
>    "draw string "Text3XC-0.70 " " Text3YC+0.05 " `3z`0`bE`n(K)"
>    "draw string "Text3XC+0.25 " " Text3YC+0.05 " " int(MaxThee)
>    "draw string "Text3XC-0.70 " " Text3YC-0.10 " LI"
>    "draw string "Text3XC+0.25 " " Text3YC-0.10 " "round(LIMax)
>    "draw string "Text3XC-0.70 " " Text3YC-0.25 " CAPE(J)"
>    "draw string "Text3XC+0.25 " " Text3YC-0.25 " "int(PosMax)
>    "draw string "Text3XC-0.70 " " Text3YC-0.40 " CIN(J)"
>    "draw string "Text3XC+0.25 " " Text3YC-0.40 " " int(CINMax)
> Endif
>
> *-----------------------------
> * Draw wind profile along side
> *-----------------------------
>
> If (DrawBarb = 1)
>    say "Drawing Wind Profile."
>    If (poleloc = -1)
>       If (PageType = "Portrait")
>          poleloc = 8.0
>       Else
>          poleloc = 7.5
>       Endif
>    Endif
>    If (barbline = 1)
>       "set line 1 1 3"
>       "draw line "poleloc " " byloc " " poleloc " " tyloc
>    Endif
>    If (BarbCol = -1)
>       'set rgb 41 255 0 132'
>       'set rgb 42 255 0 168'
>       'set rgb 43 255 0 204'
>       'set rgb 44 255 0 240'
>       'set rgb 45 255 0 255'
>       'set rgb 46 204 0 255'
>       'set rgb 47 174 0 255'
>       'set rgb 48 138 0 255'
>       'set rgb 49 108 0 255'
>       'set rgb 50 84 0 255'
>       'set rgb 51 40 0 255'
>       'set rgb 52 0 0  255'
>       'set rgb 53 0 42 255'
>       'set rgb 54 0 84 255'
>       'set rgb 55 0 120 255'
>       'set rgb 56 0 150 255'
>       'set rgb 57 0 192 255'
>       'set rgb 58 0 240 255'
>       'set rgb 59 0 255 210'
>       'set rgb 60 0 255 160'
>       'set rgb 61 0 255 126'
>       'set rgb 62 0 255 78'
>       'set rgb 63 84 255 0'
>       'set rgb 64 138 255 0'
>       'set rgb 65 188 255 0'
>       'set rgb 66 236 255 0'
>       'set rgb 67 255 255 0'
>       'set rgb 68 255 222 0'
>       'set rgb 69 255 192 0'
>       'set rgb 70 255 162 0'
>       'set rgb 71 255 138 0'
>       'set rgb 72 255 108 0'
>       'set rgb 73 255 84 0'
>       'set rgb 74 255 54 0'
>       'set rgb 75 255 12 0'
>       'set rgb 76 255 0 34'
>       'set rgb 77 255 0 70'
>       'set rgb 78 255 0 105'
>       'set rgb 79 255 0 140'
>       'set rgb 80 255 0 175'
>       'set rgb 81 255 0 215'
>       'set rgb 82 255 0 255'
>       'set rgb 83 255 255 255'
>
>       col1='83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 82 81 80 79 78'
>       col2='77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63'
>       col3='62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48'
>       'set rbcols 'col1' 'col2' 'col3
>    Endif
>    "set z "_zmin" "_zmax
>    "set gxout stat"
>    zz=1
>    wspd=-999
>    cont=1
>    While (cont = 1 & zz < _zmax)
>       "set z "zz
>       pres=subwrd(result,4)
>       "d "u
>       rec=sublin(result,8)
>       uwnd=subwrd(rec,4)
>
>       "d "v
>       rec=sublin(result,8)
>       vwnd=subwrd(rec,4)
>
>       wspd=GetWSpd(uwnd,vwnd)
>
>       if (wspd < 0 | pres > _pmax)
>           zz=zz+1
>       else
>           cont=0
>       Endif
>    Endwhile
>    While (zz <= _zmax)
>
>       "d "u"(z="zz")"
>       rec=sublin(result,8)
>       uwnd=subwrd(rec,4)
>
>       "d "v"(z="zz")"
>       rec=sublin(result,8)
>       vwnd=subwrd(rec,4)
>
>       wspd=GetWSpd(uwnd,vwnd)
>
>       If (BarbCol >= 0)
>          "set line "BarbCol " 1 "BarbThk
>       Else
>          tempbcol=55+wspd/5
>          If (tempbcol > 83)
>             tempbcol = 83
>          Endif
>          "set line "tempbcol " 1 "BarbThk
>       Endif
>
>       "d "u"(z="zz")"
>       rec=sublin(result,8)
>       uwnd=subwrd(rec,4)
>
>       "d "v"(z="zz")"
>       rec=sublin(result,8)
>       vwnd=subwrd(rec,4)
>       if(vwnd != undef)
>       wspd=GetWSpd(uwnd,vwnd)
>       wdir=GetWDir(uwnd,vwnd)
>       Else
>       wspd=0
>       wdir=0
>       Endif
>
>       xwind=GetUWnd(wspd,wdir)
>       ywind=GetVWnd(wspd,wdir)
>       "query gr2xy 5 "zz
>       y1=subwrd(result,6)
>       if (wspd > 0)
>          cc=polelen/wspd
>          xendpole=poleloc-xwind*cc
>          yendpole=y1-ywind*cc
>       endif
>       if (xendpole>0 & wspd >= 0.5)
>         if (flagbase = 1)
>            "draw mark 3 "poleloc " " y1 " 0.05"
>         endif
>         "draw line " poleloc " " y1 "  " xendpole " " yendpole
>         flagloop=wspd/10
>         windcount=wspd
>         flagcount=0
>         xflagstart=xendpole
>         yflagstart=yendpole
>         dx=cos((180-wdir)*_dtr)
>         dy=sin((180-wdir)*_dtr)
>         while (windcount > 47.5)
>            flagcount=flagcount+1
>            dxflag=-len50*dx
>            dyflag=-len50*dy
>            xflagend=xflagstart+dxflag
>            yflagend=yflagstart+dyflag
>            windcount=windcount-50
>            x1=xflagstart+0.5*wid50*xwind/wspd
>            y1=yflagstart+0.5*wid50*ywind/wspd
>            x2=xflagstart-0.5*wid50*xwind/wspd
>            y2=yflagstart-0.5*wid50*ywind/wspd
>            If (Fill50 = 1)
>               "draw polyf "x1" "y1" "x2" "y2" "xflagend" "yflagend" "x1"
> "y1
>            Else
>               "draw line "x1 " "y1 " " xflagend " " yflagend " "
>               "draw line "x2 " "y2 " " xflagend " " yflagend
>               "draw line "x1 " "y1 " " x2 " " y2
>            Endif
>            xflagstart=xflagstart+spac50*xwind/wspd
>            yflagstart=yflagstart+spac50*ywind/wspd
>         endwhile
>         while (windcount > 7.5 )
>            flagcount=flagcount+1
>            dxflag=-len10*dx
>            dyflag=-len10*dy
>            xflagend=xflagstart+dxflag
>            yflagend=yflagstart+dyflag
>            windcount=windcount-10
>            "draw line " xflagstart " " yflagstart " " xflagend " " yflagend
>            xflagstart=xflagstart+spac10*xwind/wspd
>            yflagstart=yflagstart+spac10*ywind/wspd
>         endwhile
>         if (windcount > 2.5)
>            flagcount=flagcount+1
>            if (flagcount = 1)
>               xflagstart=xflagstart+spac05*xwind/wspd
>               yflagstart=yflagstart+spac05*ywind/wspd
>            endif
>            dxflag=-len05*dx
>            dyflag=-len05*dy
>            xflagend=xflagstart+dxflag
>            yflagend=yflagstart+dyflag
>            windcount=windcount-5
>            "draw line " xflagstart " " yflagstart " " xflagend " " yflagend
>         endif
>       else
>         if (wspd < 0.5 & wspd >= 0)
>            "draw mark 2 " poleloc " " y1 " 0.08"
>         endif
>       endif
>       zz=zz+barbint
>    endwhile
> Endif
>
> *----------------
> * Draw Hodograph
> *----------------
>
> If (DrawHodo = 1)
>    say "Drawing Hodograph."
>
>    If (HodXcent = -1 | HodYcent = -1)
>       If (PageType = "Portrait")
>          HodXcent=6
>          HodYcent=9.5
>       rec=sublin(result,8)
>       uwnd=subwrd(rec,4)
>       Else
>          HodXcent=9
>          HodYcent=7.0
>       Endif
>    Endif
>    HodL=HodXcent-HodSize/2.0
>    HodR=HodXcent+HodSize/2.0
>    HodT=HodYcent+HodSize/2.0
>    HodB=HodYcent-HodSize/2.0
>    RingSpac=HodSize/(NumRing*2)
>    "set line 0"
>    "draw recf "HodL" "HodB" "HodR" "HodT
>    "set line "HodoCol" 1 6"
>    "draw rec "HodL" "HodB" "HodR" "HodT
>    "set line 1 1 3"
>    "set string 1 c"
>    "draw mark 1 "HodXcent " "HodYcent " " HodSize
>    i=1
>    While (i <= NumRing)
>      "set strsiz 0.10"
>      "set string 1 c 3 45"
>      uwnd=-i*HodRing*cos(45*_dtr)
>      xloc=HodXcent+uwnd*RingSpac/HodRing
>      yloc=HodYcent+uwnd*RingSpac/HodRing
>
>      "draw mark 2 "HodXcent " " HodYcent " " i*HodSize/NumRing
>      "draw string "xloc " " yloc " " HodRing*i
>      i=i+1
>    Endwhile
>    "set string 1 l 3 0"
>    If (TickInt > 0)
>       i=0
>       while (i < HodRing*NumRing)
>          dist=i*RingSpac/HodRing
>          hrxloc=HodXcent+dist
>          hlxloc=HodXcent-dist
>          htyloc=HodYcent+dist
>          hbyloc=HodYcent-dist
>          "set line 1 1 3"
>          "draw line "hrxloc " " HodYcent-TickSize/2 " " hrxloc " "
> HodYcent+TickSize/2
>          "draw line "hlxloc " " HodYcent-TickSize/2 " " hlxloc " "
> HodYcent+TickSize/2
>          "draw line "HodXcent+TickSize/2 " " htyloc " " HodXcent-TickSize/2
> " " htyloc
>          "draw line "HodXcent+TickSize/2 " " hbyloc " " HodXcent-TickSize/2
> " " hbyloc
>          i=i+TickInt
>       endwhile
>    Endif
>    "set line "HodoCol " " HodoLine " "HodoThk
>    "draw string "HodL+0.05 " " HodT-0.1 " m/s"
>    zloop=_zmin
>    xold=-999
>    yold=-999
>    count=0
>    Depth=0
>    While (zloop < _zmax & Depth < HodoDep)
>       "set z "zloop
>       pres=subwrd(result,4)
>
>       "d "u
>       rec=sublin(result,8)
>       uwnd=subwrd(rec,4)
>       "d "v
>       rec=sublin(result,8)
>       vwnd=subwrd(rec,4)
>       if (uwnd = undef)
>       uwnd=0
>       vwnd=0
>       endif
>
>       If (wspd >= 0)
>          xloc=HodXcent+uwnd*RingSpac/HodRing
>          yloc=HodYcent+vwnd*RingSpac/HodRing
>          If (xloc > 0 & yloc > 0 & xold > 0 & yold > 0)
>             Depth=Depth+pold-pres
>             count=count+1
>             If (count = 1)
>                "draw mark 3 "xold " " yold " 0.05"
>             Endif
>             "draw line "xold" "yold" "xloc" "yloc
>          Endif
>          xold=xloc
>          yold=yloc
>       Endif
>       zloop=zloop+1
>       pold=pres
>    EndWhile
>
>    If (count > 0)
>       "draw mark 3 "xold " " yold " 0.05"
>    Endif
> Endif
>
> *----------------------------------------------
> * Calculate and Display Absolute & S-R Helicity
> *----------------------------------------------
>
> If (DrawHeli = 1)
>    say "Calculating Helicity & SR Helicity."
>    delp=10
>    UTotal=0
>    VTotal=0
>
> * First, calculate mass-weighted mean wind
> * Since delp is a constant, and mass is proportional to
> * delp, this is a simple sum.
>
>    "set lev "_pmax " " _pmin
>    "define uwndarr="sndspd"*cos((270-"snddir")*"_dtr")"
>    "define vwndarr="sndspd"*sin((270-"snddir")*"_dtr")"
>
>    pres=MeanVBot
>    While (pres >= MeanVTop)
>       uwnd=interp(uwndarr,pres)*_ktm
>       vwnd=interp(vwndarr,pres)*_ktm
>       If (uwnd > -900 & vwnd > -900)
>          UTotal=UTotal+uwnd
>          VTotal=VTotal+vwnd
>       Endif
>       pres=pres-delp
>    EndWhile
>    vcount=1+(MeanVBot-MeanVTop)/delp
>    Umean=UTotal/vcount
>    Vmean=VTotal/vcount
>    Spdmean=GetWSpd(Umean,Vmean)
>    MeanDir=GetWDir(Umean,Vmean)
>
> * Now, rotate and reduce mean wind to get storm motion
>
>    If (StormMot = 1)
>       If (Spdmean < 15)
>          Reduct=0.25
>          Rotate=30
>       Else
>          Reduct=0.20
>          Rotate=20
>       Endif
>    Else
>       Reduct=0.0
>       Rotate=0.0
>    Endif
>
>    UReduce=(1-Reduct)*Umean
>    VReduce=(1-Reduct)*Vmean
>    StormSpd=GetWSpd(UReduce,VReduce)
>
>    StormDir=GetWDir(UReduce,VReduce)+Rotate
>    If (StormDir >= 360)
>       StormDir=StormDir-360
>    Endif
>
>    StormU=GetUWnd(StormSpd,StormDir)
>    StormV=GetVWnd(StormSpd,StormDir)
>
> * Draw Storm Motion Vector
>
>    xloc=HodXcent+_mtk*StormU*RingSpac/HodRing
>    yloc=HodYcent+_mtk*StormV*RingSpac/HodRing
>
>    "set line 1 1 4"
>    "draw line "HodXcent " " HodYcent " " xloc " " yloc
>    Arr1U=GetUWnd(HodRing/10,StormDir+30)
>    Arr1V=GetVWnd(HodRing/10,StormDir+30)
>    Arr2U=GetUWnd(HodRing/10,StormDir-30)
>    Arr2V=GetVWnd(HodRing/10,StormDir-30)
>
>    xloc2=xloc-Arr1U/HodRing
>    xloc3=xloc-Arr2U/HodRing
>    yloc2=yloc-Arr1V/HodRing
>    yloc3=yloc-Arr2V/HodRing
>
>    "set line 1 1 3"
>
>    If (FillArrw = 0)
>       "draw line "xloc" "yloc" "xloc2" "yloc2
>       "draw line "xloc" "yloc" "xloc3" "yloc3
>    Else
>       "draw polyf "xloc" "yloc" "xloc2" "yloc2" "xloc3" "yloc3" "xloc"
> "yloc
>    Endif
>
>
> * Now, calculate SR and Environmental Helicity
>
>    helic=0
>    SRhelic=0
>    MinP=SfcPlev-HelicDep
>    pres=SfcPlev
>    uwndold=-999
>    vwndold=-999
>    While (pres >= MinP)
>       uwnd=interp(uwndarr,pres)*_ktm
>       vwnd=interp(vwndarr,pres)*_ktm
>       If (uwnd > -900 & uwndold > -900)
>           du=uwnd-uwndold
>           dv=vwnd-vwndold
>           ubar=0.5*(uwnd+uwndold)
>           vbar=0.5*(vwnd+vwndold)
>           uhelic=-dv*ubar
>           vhelic=du*vbar
>           SRuhelic=-dv*(ubar-StormU)
>           SRvhelic=du*(vbar-StormV)
>           SRhelic=SRhelic+SRuhelic+SRvhelic
>           helic=helic+uhelic+vhelic
>       Endif
>       uwndold=uwnd
>       vwndold=vwnd
>       pres=pres-delp
>    EndWhile
>
>    "set strsiz 0.1"
>    "set string 1 l 3"
>    If (PageType = "Portrait")
>       If (Text4XC = -1)
>          Text4XC=rxloc-0.75
>       Endif
>       If (Text4YC = -1)
>          Text4YC=tyloc-5.45
>       Endif
>    Else
>       If (Text4XC = -1)
>          Text4XC=rxloc+2.50
>       Endif
>       If (Text4YC = -1)
>          Text4YC=tyloc-6.10
>       Endif
>    Endif
>    "set line 0 1 3"
>    "draw recf  "Text4XC-0.75 " "Text4YC-0.5 " " Text4XC+0.75 " "
> Text4YC+0.5
>    "set line 1 1 3"
>    "draw rec  "Text4XC-0.75 " "Text4YC-0.5 " " Text4XC+0.75 " " Text4YC+0.5
>    "draw string "Text4XC-0.45 " " Text4YC+0.40 " Hodograph"
>    "draw string "Text4XC-0.70 " " Text4YC+0.20 " EH"
>    "draw string "Text4XC+0.25 " " Text4YC+0.20 " "int(helic)
>    "draw string "Text4XC-0.70 " " Text4YC+0.05 " SREH"
>    "draw string "Text4XC+0.25 " " Text4YC+0.05 " " int(SRhelic)
>    "draw string "Text4XC-0.70 " " Text4YC-0.20 " StmDir"
>    "draw string "Text4XC+0.25 " " Text4YC-0.20 " " int(StormDir)"`3.`0"
>    "draw string "Text4XC-0.70 " " Text4YC-0.35 " StmSpd(kt)"
>    "draw string "Text4XC+0.25 " " Text4YC-0.35 " " int(_mtk*StormSpd)
> Endif
>
> *---------------------------------------------------
> * Plot RH profile.
> *---------------------------------------------------
>
> If (DrawRH = 1)
>   "set z "_zmin" "_zmax
>   "set x "_xval
>   "set y "_yval
>   "set t "_tval
>   "set zlog on"
>   "set gxout line"
>   "set ccolor "RHCol
>   "set cstyle "RHLine
>   "set cmark "RHMrk
>   "set digsiz "MrkSize
>   "set missconn on"
>   "set xlab on"
>   "set frame off"
>   "set vrange 0 350"
>   "set xlpos 0 t"
>   "set xlevs 25 50 75 100"
>   "set grid vertical 5"
>   "define
> rh=100*exp((17.2694*"snddewp")/("snddewp"+237.3)-(17.2694*"sndtemp")/("sndtemp"+237.3))"
>   "d rh"
>    If (LblAxes = 1)
>      "set string 1 c 3 0"
>      "set strsiz 0.125"
>      If (PageType = "Portrait")
>        "draw string 1.5 10.85 RH (%)"
>      Else
>        "draw string 1.75 8.35 RH (%)"
>      Endif
>    Endif
> Endif
>
> *------------------------------------------
> * Reset environment to original dimensions
> *------------------------------------------
>
> "set t "_tval
> "set x "_xval
> "set y "_yval
> "set z "_zmin " "_zmax
>
> say "Done."
>
> *Return(0)
>
> *************************************************************************
> function Templcl(temp,dewp)
>
> *------------------------------------------------------
> * Calculate the temp at the LCL given temp & dewp in C
> *------------------------------------------------------
>
> tempk=temp+273.15
> dewpk=dewp+273.15
> Parta=1/(dewpk-56)
> Partb=log(tempk/dewpk)/800
> Tlcl=1/(Parta+Partb)+56
> return(Tlcl-273.15)
>
> **************************************************************************
>
> function Preslcl(temp,dewp,pres)
>
> *-------------------------------------------------------
> * Calculate press of LCL given temp & dewp in C and pressure
> *-------------------------------------------------------
>
> Tlclk=Templcl(temp,dewp)+273.15
> tempk=temp+273.15
> theta=tempk*pow(1000/pres,0.286)
> plcl=1000*pow(Tlclk/theta,3.48)
> return(plcl)
>
> **************************************************************************
> function LiftWet(startt,startp,endp,display,Pmin,Pmax)
>
> *--------------------------------------------------------------------
> * Lift a parcel moist adiabatically from startp to endp.
> * Init temp is startt in C.  If you wish to see the parcel's
> * path plotted, display should be 1.  Returns temp of parcel at endp.
> *--------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> temp=startt
> pres=startp
> cont = 1
> delp=10
> While (pres >= endp & cont = 1)
>     If (display = 1)
>        xtemp=GetXLoc(temp,pres)
>        "q w2xy "xtemp" "pres
>        xloc=subwrd(result,3)
>        yloc=subwrd(result,6)
>        If (xtemp < 0 | xtemp > 100)
>           cont=0
>        Else
>           If (pres >= Pmin & pres < Pmax & pres < startp)
>              "draw line "xold" "yold" "xloc" "yloc
>           Endif
>        Endif
>     Endif
>     xold=xloc
>     yold=yloc
>     temp=temp-100*delp*gammaw(temp,pres-delp/2,100)
>     pres=pres-delp
> EndWhile
> return(temp)
>
>
> **************************************************************************
> function LiftDry(startt,startp,endp,display,Pmin,Pmax)
>
> *--------------------------------------------------------------------
> * Lift a parcel dry adiabatically from startp to endp.
> * Init temp is startt in C.  If you wish to see the parcel's
> * path plotted, display should be 1.  Returns temp of parcel at endp.
> *--------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> starttk=startt+273.15
> cont = 1
> delp=10
> round=int(startp/10)*10
> subscr=0.1*round
> powstart=pow(startp,-0.286)
> temp=starttk*_powpres.subscr*powstart-273.15
> pres=round-10
> While (pres >= endp & cont = 1)
>     subscr=0.1*pres
>     temp=starttk*_powpres.subscr*powstart-273.15
>     If (display = 1)
>        xtemp=GetXLoc(temp,pres)
>        "q w2xy "xtemp" "pres
>        xloc=subwrd(result,3)
>        yloc=subwrd(result,6)
>        If (xtempold > 0 & xtempold < 100 & xtemp > 0 & xtemp < 100)
>           If (pres >= Pmin & pres < Pmax & pres < startp)
>              "draw line "xold" "yold" "xloc" "yloc
>           Endif
>        Endif
>     Endif
>     xold=xloc
>     xtempold=xtemp
>     yold=yloc
>     pres=pres-delp
> EndWhile
> return(temp)
>
> **************************************************************************
> function CAPE(startt,startp,endp,sndtemp,snddewp)
>
> *---------------------------------------------------------------------
> * Returns all postive area and convective inhibition above LCL.
> * Parcel is lifted from LCL at startt,startp and is halted
> * at endp.   Integration method used is trapezoid method.
> *---------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> pres=startp
> PclTemp=startt
> PclTempV=virtual2(PclTemp+273.15,PclTemp+273.15,pres)-273.15
> delp=10
> Pos=0
> Neg=0
> Neg2=0
>
> count=0
> While (pres >= endp)
>    EnvTemp=interp(sndtemp,pres)
>    EnvDewp=interp(snddewp,pres)
>    EnvTempV=virtual2(EnvTemp+273.15,EnvDewp+273.15,pres)-273.15
>    DelT=PclTempV-EnvTempV
>    If (abs(EnvTempV) < 130 & abs(PclTempV) < 130)
>      count=count+1
>      If (count > 1)
>        Val=DelT/pres+Prev
>        If (Val > 0)
>           Pos=Pos+Val
>           Neg2=0
>        Else
>           Neg=Neg+abs(Val)
>           Neg2=Neg2+abs(Val)
>        Endif
>      Endif
>      Prev=DelT/pres
>    Endif
>    pres=pres-delp
>    PclTemp=PclTemp-100*delp*gammaw(PclTemp,pres,100)
>    PclTempV=virtual2(PclTemp+273.15,PclTemp+273.15,pres)-273.15
> Endwhile
>
> Pos=0.5*Pos*287*delp
> CIN=0.5*(Neg-Neg2)*287*delp
>
> return(Pos" "CIN)
>
> ***************************************************************************
> function gammaw(tempc,pres,rh)
>
> *-----------------------------------------------------------------------
> * Function to calculate the moist adiabatic lapse rate (deg C/Pa) based
> * on the temperature, pressure, and rh of the environment.
> *----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> tempk=tempc+273.15
> es=satvap2(tempc)
> ws=mixratio(es,pres)
> w=rh*ws/100
> tempv=virtual(tempk,w)
> latent=latentc(tempc)
>
> A=1.0+latent*ws/(287*tempk)
> B=1.0+0.622*latent*latent*ws/(1005*287*tempk*tempk)
> Density=100*pres/(287*tempv)
> lapse=(A/B)/(1005*Density)
> return(lapse)
>
> *************************************************************************
> function latentc(tempc)
>
> *-----------------------------------------------------------------------
> * Function to return the latent heat of condensation in J/kg given
> * temperature in degrees Celsius.
> *-----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> val=2502.2-2.43089*tempc
>
> return(val*1000)
>
> *************************************************************************
> function precipw(sndtemp,snddewp,startp,endp)
>
> *-----------------------------------------------------------------------
> * Function to calculate the precipitable water (cm) in a sounding
> * starting at pressure level startp and ending at pressure level endp.
> *-----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> ppold=-999
> ttold=-999
> ddold=-999
> delp=10
> Int=0
> mix=0
> pres=startp
> logpp=log(pres)
> logppm=log(pres-delp)
> while (pres >= endp)
>    tt=interp(sndtemp,pres)
>    dd=interp(snddewp,pres)
>    if (tt>-900 & ttold>-900 & dd>-900 & ddold>-900)
>       e=satvap2(dd)
>       mix=mixratio(e,pres)
>       mixavg=(logpp*mix+logppm*mixold)/(logpp+logppm)
>       Int=Int+1.020408*mixavg*delp
>    endif
>    ttold=tt
>    ddold=dd
>    ppold=pp
>    mixold=mix
>    pres=pres-delp
>    logpp=logppm
>    logppm=log(pres-delp)
> endwhile
>
> return(Int)
>
> *************************************************************************
>
> function virtual(temp,mix)
>
> *------------------------------------------------------------
> * Function to return virtual temperature given temperature in
> * kelvin and mixing ratio in g/g.
> *-------------------------------------------------------------
>
> tempv=temp*(1.0+0.6*mix)
>
> return (tempv)
>
> ************************************************************************
>
> function virtual2(temp,dewp,pres)
>
> *------------------------------------------------------------
> * Function to return virtual temperature in kelvin given temperature in
> * kelvin and dewpoint in kelvin and pressure in mb
> *-------------------------------------------------------------
>
> if (temp > 0 & dewp > 0)
>   vap=satvap2(dewp-273.15)
>   mix=mixratio(vap,pres)
>   tempv=virtual(temp,mix)
> else
>   tempv=-9999
> endif
>
> return (tempv)
>
> ************************************************************************
>
> function satvapor(temp)
>
> *---------------------------------------------------------------
> * Given temp in Celsius, returns saturation vapor pressure in mb
> *---------------------------------------------------------------
>
>
> pol=_C0+temp*(_C1+temp*(_C2+temp*(_C3+temp*(_C4+temp*(_C5+temp*(_C6+temp*(_C7+temp*(_C8+temp*(_C9)))))))))
>
> return(6.1078/pow(pol,8))
>
> ************************************************************************
>
> function satvap2(temp)
>
> *---------------------------------------------------------------
> * Given temp in Celsius, returns saturation vapor pressure in mb
> *---------------------------------------------------------------
>
> es=6.112*exp(17.67*temp/(temp+243.5))
>
> return(es)
>
> *************************************************************************
>
> function mixratio(e,p)
>
> *------------------------------------------------------
> * Given vapor pressure and pressure, return mixing ratio
> *-------------------------------------------------------
>
> mix=0.622*e/(p-e)
>
> return(mix)
>
> ************************************************************************
>
> function getrh(temp,dewp,pres)
>
> tempk=temp+273.15
> dewpk=dewp+273.15
>
> es=satvap2(temp)
>
> If (temp > 0)
>    A=2.53*pow(10,9)
>    B=5420
> Else
>    A=3.41*pow(10,10)
>    B=6130
> Endif
>
> w=A*0.622*exp(-B/dewpk)/pres
> ws=mixratio(es,pres)
>
> return(100*w/ws)
>
> ************************************************************************
> function interp(array,pres)
>
> *------------------------------------------------------------------------
> * Interpolate inside array for pressure level pres.
> * Returns estimated value of array at pressure pres.
> *------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> "set gxout stat"
> "set lev "pres
> altpres=subwrd(result,4)
> "q dims"
> rec=sublin(result,4)
> zlev=subwrd(rec,9)
>
> If (zlev < 2 | zlev > _zmaxfile)
>   Vest = -9999.0
> Else
>   If (altpres > pres)
>     zlev=zlev+1
>   Endif
>   "set z "zlev
>   PAbove=subwrd(result,4)
>   "d "array"(lev="PAbove")"
>   rec=sublin(result,8)
>   VAbove=subwrd(rec,4)
>   "set z "zlev-1
>   PBelow=subwrd(result,4)
>   "d "array"(lev="PBelow")"
>   rec=sublin(result,8)
>   VBelow=subwrd(rec,4)
>
> * Now if we are in a region of missing data, find next good level.
>
>   If (abs(VAbove) > 130 & zlev > 1 & zlev < _zmaxfile)
>      zz=zlev
>      While (abs(VAbove) > 130 & zz < _zmaxfile)
>        zz=zz+1
>        "set z "zz
>        PAbove=subwrd(result,4)
>        "d "array"(lev="PAbove")"
>        rec=sublin(result,8)
>        VAbove=subwrd(rec,4)
>      EndWhile
>   Endif
>
>   If (abs(VBelow) > 130 & zlev > 1 & zlev < _zmaxfile)
>       zz=zlev-1
>       While (abs(VBelow) > 130 & zz > 1)
>         zz=zz-1
>         "set z "zz
>         PBelow=subwrd(result,4)
>         "d "array"(lev="PBelow")"
>         rec=sublin(result,8)
>         VBelow=subwrd(rec,4)
>       EndWhile
>   Endif
>
>   If (abs(VAbove) < 130 & abs(VBelow) < 130)
>      Vest=VBelow+log(PBelow/pres)*(VAbove-VBelow)/log(PBelow/PAbove)
>   Else
>      Vest=-9999.0
>   Endif
>
> Endif
>
> Return(Vest)
>
>
> ****************************************************************************
>
> function GetUWnd(wspd,wdir)
>
> *------------------------
> * Get x-component of wind.
> *------------------------
>
>
> If (wspd >= 0)
>    xwind=wspd*cos((270-wdir)*_dtr)
> Else
>    xwind = -9999.0
> Endif
> return(xwind)
>
> **************************************************************************
>
> function GetVWnd(wspd,wdir)
>
> *-----------------------
> * Get y-component of wind
> *------------------------
>
> If (wspd >= 0)
>    ywind=wspd*sin((270-wdir)*_dtr)
> Else
>    ywind = -9999.0
> Endif
> return(ywind)
>
>
> *************************************************************************
>
> function GetWSpd(xwind,ywind)
>
>
> "set gxout stat"
> "d mag("xwind","ywind")"
> rec=sublin(result,8)
> val=subwrd(rec,4)
>
> return (val)
>
> *************************************************************************
>
> function GetWDir(xwind,ywind)
>
> * Return wind direction given x and y components
>
> "set gxout stat"
> "define theta=270-"_rtd"*atan2("ywind","xwind")"
> "d theta"
> rec=sublin(result,8)
> Dir=subwrd(rec,4)
>
> If (Dir > 360)
>    Dir=Dir-360
> Endif
>
> If (Dir < 0)
>    Dir=360+Dir
> Endif
>
> return(Dir)
>
> *************************************************************************
>
> function GetXLoc(temp,pres)
>
> *-------------------------------------------------
> * Get x-location on skew-t based on temp, pressure
> *-------------------------------------------------
>
> xloc=(temp-_m1*log10(pres)-_m3)/_m2
> return(xloc)
>
> *************************************************************************
>
> function GetTemp(xloc,pres)
>
> *-------------------------------------------------
> * Return temperature at location given by xloc,pres
> *-------------------------------------------------
>
> tempval=_m1*log10(pres)+_m2*xloc+_m3
> return(tempval)
>
> **************************************************************************
>
> function GetTheta(temp,pres)
>
> *---------------------------------------------------
> * Calculate theta for a given temperature and pressure
> *---------------------------------------------------
>
> theta=(temp+273.15)*pow(1000/pres,0.286)-273.15
> return(theta)
>
>
> *************************************************************************
>
> function GetThet2(temp,dewp,pres)
>
> *---------------------------------------------------
> * Calculate theta for a given temperature,dewp, and pressure
> *---------------------------------------------------
>
> tempk=273.15+temp
> dewpk=273.15+dewp
>
> es=satvap2(temp)
> ws=mixratio(es,pres)
>
> mix=10*getrh(temp,dewp,pres)*ws
>
> exponent=0.2854*(1.0-0.00028*mix)
> theta=(temp+273.15)*pow(1000/pres,exponent)-273.15
> return(theta)
>
> *************************************************************************
>
> function Thetae(temp,dewp,pres)
>
> *--------------------------------------------------------------
> * Return equiv. pot. temp in Kelvin given temp, dewp in celsius
> * From Bolton (1980) Mon Wea Rev
> *--------------------------------------------------------------
>
> es=satvap2(temp)
> ws=mixratio(es,pres)
> mix=10*getrh(temp,dewp,pres)*ws
> theta=GetThet2(temp,dewp,pres)+273.15
> TLcl=Templcl(temp,dewp)+273.15
> thetae=theta*exp((3.376/TLcl-0.00254)*mix*(1.0+0.00081*mix))
>
> return(thetae)
>
> **************************************************************************
>
>
> function int(i0)
>
> *--------------------------
> * Return integer of i0
> *--------------------------
>   i=0
>   while(i<12)
>     i=i+1
>     if(substr(i0,i,1)='.')
>       i0=substr(i0,1,i-1)
>       break
>     endif
>   endwhile
> return(i0)
>
> *************************************************************************
>
> function abs(i)
>
> *----------------------------
> * return absolute value of i
> *----------------------------
>
>   if (i < 0)
>      absval=-i
>   else
>      absval=i
>   endif
>
> return(absval)
>
> *************************************************************************
>
> function log(i)
>
> *---------------------------
> * return natural log of i
> *---------------------------
>
> "set gxout stat"
> "d log("i")"
> rec=sublin(result,8)
> val=subwrd(rec,4)
> return(val)
>
> *************************************************************************
>
> function log10(i)
>
> *--------------------------
> * return log base 10 of i
> *--------------------------
>
> "set gxout stat"
> "d log10("i")"
> rec=sublin(result,8)
> val=subwrd(rec,4)
> return(val)
>
> *************************************************************************
>
> function pow(i,j)
>
> *-------------------------------
> * return power of i raised to j
> *-------------------------------
>
> "set gxout stat"
> "d pow("i","j")"
> rec=sublin(result,8)
> val=subwrd(rec,4)
> return(val)
>
> ************************************************************************
>
> function cos(i)
>
> *-----------------------------------------
> * return cosine of i, where i is in radians
> *------------------------------------------
>
> "set gxout stat"
> "d cos("i")"
> rec=sublin(result,8)
> val=subwrd(rec,4)
> return(val)
>
> ************************************************************************
>
> function sin(i)
>
> *------------------------------------------
> * return sine of i, where i is in radians
> *------------------------------------------
>
> "set gxout stat"
> "d sin("i")"
> rec=sublin(result,8)
> val=subwrd(rec,4)
> return(val)
>
> ************************************************************************
>
> function exp(i)
>
> *------------------------------------------
> * return exponential of i
> *------------------------------------------
>
> "set gxout stat"
> "d exp("i")"
> rec=sublin(result,8)
> val=subwrd(rec,4)
> return(val)
>
> ***********************************************************************
> function round(i)
>
> rr=abs(1.0*i)
> rr=int(rr+0.5)
> if (i < 0)
>    rr=-1*rr
> endif
> return(rr)
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> gradsusr mailing list
> gradsusr at gradsusr.org
> http://gradsusr.org/mailman/listinfo/gradsusr
>
>


-- 
Jeff Duda
Iowa State University
Meteorology Graduate Student
3134 Agronomy Hall
www.meteor.iastate.edu/~jdduda <http://www.meteor.iastate.edu/%7Ejdduda>
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